@article{ORBi-1014f5e8-bf71-4c22-bc7c-dd76f1f281d7,
	AUTHOR = {Randresihaja, Ny Riana and Gourgue, Olivier and Alaerts, Lauranne and Fettweis, Xavier and Lambrechts, Jonathan and Court, Miguel De Le and Grégoire, Marilaure and Hanert, Emmanuel},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/344178},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {How atmospheric forcing resolution impacts storm surge model results: Insights from Storm Xaver in the North Sea-Scheldt estuary continuum},
	LANGUAGE = {Anglais},
	YEAR = {April 2026},
	DOI = {10.1016/j.rsma.2026.104919},
	PUBLISHER = {Elsevier BV},
	JOURNAL = {Regional Studies in Marine Science},
	VOLUME = {96},
	ABSTRACT = {Estuaries are particularly vulnerable to flooding from storm surges, a risk worsened by climate change. While numerical models are essential for flood risk management, most storm surge models rely on atmospheric forcing data with coarse spatial (tens of kilometers) and temporal (hours) resolutions—significantly lower than the model’s own grid resolution. This mismatch may compromise prediction accuracy. This study evaluates the impact of the spatial and temporal resolution of atmospheric forcing data on storm surge modeling within the Scheldt river-estuary-North Sea continuum for the record-breaking Storm Xaver (December 2013). Atmospheric forcings were incorporated at spatial resolutions ranging from 2 km to 30 km and at temporal resolutions from 15 min to 6 h. Using an unstructured-mesh multiscale hydrodynamic model, we assessed how these variations influenced the accuracy of storm surge simulations. Our findings indicate that spatial resolution has the greatest influence on model performance, with finer resolutions (2–5 km) improving peak surge predictions in estuarine areas. Temporal resolution enhancements provide additional benefits, but only when combined with high spatial resolution. The impact of temporal refinement diminishes rapidly as spatial resolution coarsens beyond 10 km. Notably, the timing of peak surges remains stable across all resolution combinations. The best results are obtained with 2 km and 15 min atmospheric forcing resolution, while 5 km spatial resolution also shows good performance. This study underscores the importance of aligning atmospheric forcing resolution with the hydrodynamic model’s spatial scale to achieve optimal accuracy in storm surge predictions within this estuary.},
	ORGANIZATION = {F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique},
	URL = {https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S235248552600174X?httpAccept=text/xml}
}

@article{ORBi-7e8d7642-43b7-4ee5-83e9-959b789b0f66,
	AUTHOR = {Grégoire, Marilaure and Vandenbulcke, Luc and Chevalier, Séverine and Choblet, Mathurin and Drozd, Ilya and Grailet, Jean-François and Ivanov, Evgeny and Macé, Loïc and Verezemskaya, Polina and Yu, Haolin and Alaerts, Lauranne and Randresihaja, Ny Riana and Mangeleer, Victor and de Noordhout, Guillaume Maertens and Capet, Arthur and Meulders, Catherine and Mouchet, Anne and Munhoven, Guy and Soetaert, Karline},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/345525},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {The BiogeochemicAl Model for Hypoxic and Benthic Influenced areas: BAMHBI v1.0},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {16 March 2026},
	DOI = {10.5194/gmd-19-2137-2026},
	PUBLISHER = {Copernicus Publications},
	JOURNAL = {Geoscientific Model Development},
	ISSN = {1991-959X},
	VOLUME = {19},
	NUMBER = {5},
	ABSTRACT = {This paper describes the ocean BiogeochemicAl Model for Hypoxic and Benthic Influenced areas (BAMHBI). BAMHBI is a moderate complexity marine biogeochemical model that describes the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon and oxygen through the marine foodweb. It involves 22 state variables, extends from bacteria up to mesozooplankton and includes three phytoplankton functional types (PFTs), two zooplankton size-classes, a microbial loop with several classes of detritic materials. Five optional modules are available allowing to extend the model with the explicit modelling of Chlorophyll a (Chl a) in each PFT, benthic degradation, gelatinous dynamics, particles aggregation and the carbonate system. BAMHBI describes the degradation of organic matter according to oxygenation conditions using an approach similar to that used in the sediment to simulate early diagenesis. The model is particularly appropriate for modelling low oxygen environments and the generation of sulfidic waters. An optional benthic module solves the degradation of sedimentary organic matter and the benthic-pelagic fluxes of solutes using an efficient formulation based on meta-modelling. This paper describes in details model formulations, implementation and coupling with the physics. BAMHBI’s code is written in Fortran and can be coupled with many hydrodynamical models. Two case studies of application of BAMHBI in the Black Sea are described. One describes the application of BAMHBI to simulate the biogeochemical dynamics of the northwestern shelf during the eutrophication period. In particular, the ability of BAMHBI to simulate the oxygen dynamics at seasonal and interannual scales is assessed with a focus on the simulation of bottom hypoxia. We highlight the results of the benthic modelling module and its ability to represent benthic-pelagic fluxes. The second case study compares the BAMHBI simulated Chl a, oxygen and nitrate dynamics in the deep sea with respect to biogeochemical Argo.},
	ORGANIZATION = {European Union},
	URL = {https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/2137/2026/gmd-19-2137-2026.pdf}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-1520847b-2dfd-4661-8e5f-558f4245da7e,
	AUTHOR = {Yu, Haolin and Rose, Kenneth A. and Soetaert, Karline and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/344564},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Simulating anchovy's full life cycle in the Black Sea: A coupled biogeochemical-DEB-Movement\_IBM model},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {27 February 2026},
	LOCATION = {Glasgow, United Kingdom},
	ABSTRACT = {European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) is an abundant small pelagic fish in the Black Sea and supports a significant commercial fishery. Anchovy is highly sensitive to climate fluctuations that affect environmental and biological conditions. Presently, reconstructed biomass and population data from stock assessments lack detailed spatial resolution. We are developing a 2D full-life-cycle individual-based population model for Black Sea anchovy. The model is one-way coupled to a Black Sea hydrodynamics-biogeochemical model (NEMO-BAMHBI) that provides temperature, circulation (transport), and prey for the anchovy. The individual-based model (IBM) uses the same grid as the NEMO-BAMHBI model. Individual anchovy progress daily through six life stages (egg, yolksac larvae, early larvae, late larvae, juvenile, and adult) and we follow individuals until age-4. A dynamic energy budget (DEB) submodel is used to simulate growth across all life stages and generate egg production. The model incorporates micro- and meso-zooplankton from early larvae to adult stages. Movement is based on a kinesis algorithm with temperature and food as cues; eggs and yolksac larvae are physically transported by a particle tracking model. A super-individual approach is utilized for computational efficiency. Calibration proceeded by separately tuning the DEB, movement, and natural and density-dependent mortality, and then comparing predictions to data from the local stock assessment report when all were combined into the full 2D population model. We are presently evaluating the full model using a baseline simulation from 1990 to 2023. We will then use simulation experiments to explore the mechanisms that cause high and low recruitment years, population responses to changes in harvest, and the effects of invasive species that compete for common prey. We plan to use the modeling to provide insights into the sustainability and resilience of the Black Sea anchovy population to climate, harvest, and stressors. Better understanding of the spatiotemporal variation in population dynamics can inform fishery management and conservation strategies.},
	ORGANIZATION = {European Union}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-4fcb2ae6-9444-48cd-9176-709c6fa143d6,
	AUTHOR = {Choblet, Mathurin and Drozd, Ilya and Verezemskaya, Polina and Vandenbulcke, Luc and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/347841},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Towards the (Sub-)Mesoscale: How Resolving Eddies Alters Oxygen distribution and transport in the Black Sea},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2026}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-40d60b71-642f-4e3c-be4f-4d76bb18a69c,
	AUTHOR = {Choblet, Mathurin and Drozd, Ilya and Verezemskaya, Polina and Vandenbulcke, Luc and Grégoire, Marilaure and Staneva, Joanna and Ricker, Marcel},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/347840},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Particle resuspension impacts on organic matter and oxygen on the Black Sea shelf},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2026}
}

@techreport{ORBi-7cf45476-8c96-4ff3-b6c9-552eec11c271,
	AUTHOR = {Choblet, Mathurin and Drozd, Ilya and Verezemskaya, Polina and Vandenbulcke, Luc and Grailet, Jean-François and Grégoire, Marilaure and Staneva, Joanna and Ricker, Marcel},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/347851},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Short internal report about SPM – Hindcast Simulation of Black Sea for NECCTON (WP5 + WP6)​},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2026}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-a357c163-fcc7-4ec0-a98f-88ba60ede5b8,
	AUTHOR = {Andry, Gérôme and Lewin, Sacha and Rozet, François and Rochman, Omer and Mangeleer, Victor and Pirlet, Matthias and Faulx, Elise and Grégoire, Marilaure and Louppe, Gilles},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/342181},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Appa: Bending Weather Dynamics with Latent Diffusion Models for Global Data Assimilation},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {06 December 2025},
	DOI = {10.48550/arXiv.2504.18720},
	LOCATION = {San Diego, United States - California},
	ABSTRACT = {Deep learning has advanced weather forecasting, but accurate predictions first require identifying the current state of the atmosphere from observational data. In this work, we introduce Appa, a score-based data assimilation model generating global atmospheric trajectories at 0.25\textbackslashsi\{\textbackslashdegree\} resolution and 1-hour intervals. Powered by a 565M-parameter latent diffusion model trained on ERA5, Appa can be conditioned on arbitrary observations to infer plausible trajectories, without retraining. Our probabilistic framework handles reanalysis, filtering, and forecasting, within a single model, producing physically consistent reconstructions from various inputs. Results establish latent score-based data assimilation as a promising foundation for future global atmospheric modeling systems.}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-61f9926c-7985-44fc-bb50-43a464ceb7d2,
	AUTHOR = {Andry, Gérôme and Lewin, Sacha and Rozet, François and Rochman, Omer and Mangeleer, Victor and Pirlet, Matthias and Faulx, Elise and Grégoire, Marilaure and Louppe, Gilles},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/341213},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Appa: Bending Weather Dynamics with Latent Diffusion Models for Global Data Assimilation},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {06 December 2025},
	ABSTRACT = {Score-based data assimilation models can produce global atmospheric trajectories at 0.25-degree resolution and 1-hour intervals. Using a spatio-temporal latent diffusion model trained on ERA5 reanalysis data, it can be conditioned on any types of observations to infer the posterior distribution of plausible state trajectories, without retraining.}
}

@article{ORBi-66fc924c-0f68-4966-abcd-0c11b6d3b9a4,
	AUTHOR = {Chevalier, Séverine and Beauchard, Olivier and Vandenbulcke, Luc and Teaca, Adrian and Begun, Tatiana and Todorova, Valentina and Soetaert, Karline and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/338263},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Trait modeling to predict benthic functions and vulnerabilities across black sea seascapes},
	LANGUAGE = {Anglais},
	YEAR = {07 November 2025},
	DOI = {10.1038/s41598-025-24508-4},
	PUBLISHER = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
	JOURNAL = {Scientific Reports},
	VOLUME = {15},
	NUMBER = {1},
	ABSTRACT = {Benthic biodiversity is of global significance for the provision of ecosystem services and the mediation of global biogeochemical cycles. The lack of detailed spatial distributions of the functions and vulnerabilities of the benthos critically prevents us from protecting benthic biodiversity and its functioning in the context of increasing human perturbations and climate change. Here, we propose a multidisciplinary approach to bridging in situ benthic data to the maps of macrobenthic functions and vulnerabilities at the scale of the northwestern shelf of the Black Sea. Our findings show that oxygen availability is a key driver of the functional trait composition of macrozoobenthic communities. Shallower well-oxygenated areas support high biomixing and bioirrigation on muddier-sandier substrata and high biodeposition on coarser substrata associated with mussel reef communities. In contrast, at depleted oxygen areas at the edge of the shelf, macrobenthic communities are functionally impoverished with only a combination of a few typical opportunistic traits, and those communities have a negligible impact on ecosystem functions. Mapping of vulnerabilities and functions of benthic communities can support marine management strategies aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14: Life Below Water.},
	ORGANIZATION = {F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique},
	URL = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-24508-4.pdf}
}

@unpublished{ORBi-e31a38c7-fa96-4ee7-9f6b-c68b8477e9ae,
	AUTHOR = {Grégoire, Marilaure and Vandenbulcke, Luc and Chevalier, Séverine and Choblet, Mathurin and Drozd, Ilya and Grailet, Jean-François and Ivanov, Evgeny and Macé, Loïc and Verezemskaya, Polina and Yu, Haolin and Alaerts, Lauranne and Randresihaja, Ny Riana and Mangeleer, Victor and Maertens de Noordhout, Guillaume and Capet, Arthur and Meulders, Catherine and Mouchet, Anne and Munhoven, Guy and Soetaert, Karline},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/339773},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {The BiogeochemicAl Model for Hypoxic and Benthic Influenced areas: BAMHBI v1.0},
	LANGUAGE = {Anglais},
	YEAR = {04 September 2025},
	DOI = {10.5194/egusphere-2025-4196},
	ABSTRACT = {Abstract. This paper describes the ocean BiogeochemicAl Model for Hypoxic and Benthic Influenced areas (BAMHBI). BAMHBI is a moderate complexity marine biogeochemical model that describes the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon and oxygen through the marine foodweb. It involves 22 state variables, extends from bacteria up to mesozooplankton and includes three phytoplankton functional types (PFTs), two zooplankton size-classes, a microbial loop with several classes of detritic materials. Five optional modules are available allowing to extend the model with the explicit modelling of Chlorophyll a (Chla) in each PFT, benthic degradation, gelatinous dynamics, particles aggregation and the carbonate system. BAMHBI describes the degradation of organic matter according to oxygenation conditions using an approach similar to that used in the sediment to simulate early diagenesis. The model is particularly appropriate for modelling low oxygen environments and the generation of sulfidic waters. An optional benthic module solves the degradation of sedimentary organic matter and the benthic-pelagic fluxes of solutes using an efficient formulation based on meta-modelling. This paper describes in details model formulations, implementation and coupling with the physics. BAMHBI’s code is written in Fortran and can be coupled with many hydrodynamical models. Two case studies of application of BAMHBI in the Black Sea are described. One describes the application of BAMHBI to simulate the biogeochemical dynamics of the northwestern shelf during the eutrophication period. In particular, the ability of BAMHBI to simulate the oxygen dynamics at seasonal and interannual scales is assessed with a focus on the simulation of bottom hypoxia. We highlight the results of the benthic modelling module and its ability to represent benthic-pelagic fluxes. The second case study compares the BAMHBI simulated Chla and oxygen dynamics in the deep sea with respect to biogeochemical Argo.}
}

@article{ORBi-a16a067b-e1cb-4d14-a33f-d95916b70263,
	AUTHOR = {Macé, Loïc and Vandenbulcke, Luc and Brankart, Jean-Michel and Brasseur, Pierre and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/334862},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Characterisation of uncertainties in an ocean radiative transfer model for the Black Sea through ensemble simulations},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {01 August 2025},
	DOI = {10.5194/bg-22-3747-2025},
	PUBLISHER = {European Geosciences Union (EGU)},
	JOURNAL = {Biogeosciences},
	ISSN = {1726-4170},
	ABSTRACT = {In this paper, we investigate the influence of uncertainties in inherent optical properties on the modelling of radiometric quantities by an ocean radiative transfer model, in particular irradiance and reflectance. The radiative transfer model is coupled to a three-dimensional physical-biogeochemical model of the Black Sea. It describes the vertical propagation of incident irradiance within the water column along three streams in downward (direct and diffuse) and upward directions, with a spectral resolution of 25 nm in the visible range. The propagation of the irradiance streams is governed by the inherent optical properties of four major optically active constituents found in seawater and provided by the biogeochemical model: pure water, phytoplankton, non-algal particles and coloured dissolved organic matter. Sea surface reflectance is then derived as the ratio between simulated upward and downward irradiance streams, directly connecting the model with remote-sensed data. In this configuration, the coupling is in one-way: the radiative transfer model is only projecting model variables into the space of satellite observations, working as an observation operator. In the stochastic version of the model, uncertainties are injected in the form of random perturbations of inherent optical properties of water constituents. Different ensemble configurations are derived and their quality is assessed by comparison with in situ and remote-sensed observations. We find that the modelling of the uncertainties in the radiative model parameterisation allows to simulate distributions of radiative fields that are partially consistent with observations. Ensemble quality is consistent with remote-sensed reflectance data in summer and autumn, especially in the central parts of basin. The quality of the ensemble is lower in winter and early spring, suggesting the existence of another major source of uncertainty, or that the quality of the deterministic solution is insufficient. CDOM dominates absorption in short wavebands with relatively high uncertainty that influences irradiance and reflectance outputs. This dominant role calls better representation of CDOM to improve model calibration. Contributions from phytoplankton and non-algal particles are more significant for (back-)scattering. The results of this paper suggest that the integration of a radiative transfer model into a physical-biogeochemical model would be beneficial for calibration, validation and data assimilation purposes, offering a better link between model variables and radiometric observations.},
	ORGANIZATION = {EU - European Union},
	NOTE = {Accepted on 14/05/2025},
	URL = {10.5194/egusphere-2024-3682}
}

@techreport{ORBi-e5d6c368-cfc6-4593-b403-74d803cd810a,
	AUTHOR = {Grégoire, Marilaure and Méon Pierre-Guillaume and Leemans Dimitri and Crucifix Michel and Cleve Anthony and Demeuse Marc and Vanduffel Steven and Daen Jan and Linders Daniël and Vanmaele Michèle},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/334662},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {ADDENDUM à la note UNIFRA sur la réforme des professeurs d'universités belges},
	LANGUAGE = {French},
	YEAR = {08 July 2025}
}

@article{ORBi-6c6d58c5-7a90-42e0-9586-1ac438da53e3,
	AUTHOR = {Alaerts, Lauranne and Lambrechts, Jonathan and Randresihaja, Ny Riana and Vandenbulcke, Luc and Gourgue, Olivier and Hanert, Emmanuel and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/333263},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {An integrated high-resolution bathymetric model for the Danube Delta system},
	LANGUAGE = {Anglais},
	YEAR = {02 July 2025},
	DOI = {10.5194/essd-2024-529},
	PUBLISHER = {Copernicus},
	JOURNAL = {Earth System Science Data},
	ISSN = {1866-3508},
	VOLUME = {17},
	NUMBER = {7},
	ABSTRACT = {Acting as a buffer between the Danube and the Black Sea, the Danube Delta plays an important role in regulating the hydro-biochemical flows of this land-sea continuum. Despite its importance, very few studies have focused on the impact of the Danube Delta on the different fluxes between the Danube and the Black Sea. One of the first step to characterize this land-sea continuum is to describe the bathymetry of the Delta. However, there is no complete, easily accessible bathymetric data on all three branches of the Delta to support hydrodynamic, biogeochemical or ecological studies. In this study, we aim to fill this gap by combining 4 different datasets, three in the river and one for the riverbanks, each varying in density and spatial distribution, to create a high-resolution bathymetry dataset. The bathymetric data was interpolated on a hybrid curvilinear-unstructured mesh with an anisotropic Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation method. The resulting product offers resolutions ranging from 2 m in a connection zone to 100 m in one of the straight unidirectional channel. Cross validation of the dataset underlined the importance of the data source spatial pattern, with average Root Mean Square Error (RRMSE) of 0.55 %, 6.3 % and 27.6 %, for river segments covered by the densest to the coarsest dataset. These error rates are comparable to those observed in bathymetry interpolation in rivers with similar source datasets. The bathymetry presented in this study is the first unique, high-resolution, comprehensive and easily accessible bathymetric model covering all three branches of the Danube Delta. It will serve as an input in a hydrodynamic model of the Danube Delta, with the aim of better understanding the role of the Delta in the land-sea continuum between the Danube and the Black Sea. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14055741 (Alaerts et al., 2024).},
	URL = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14055741}
}

@article{ORBi-b41aec0d-de45-4bf6-ba7b-914d7cb99091,
	AUTHOR = {Oschlies, Andreas and Slomp, Caroline P. and Altieri, Andrew H. and Gallo, Natalya D. and Grégoire, Marilaure and Isensee, Kirsten and Levin, Lisa A. and Wu, Jiajun},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/334322},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Potential impacts of marine carbon dioxide removal on ocean oxygen},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {July 2025},
	DOI = {10.1088/1748-9326/ade0d4},
	PUBLISHER = {Institute of Physics Publishing (IOP)},
	JOURNAL = {Environmental Research Letters},
	VOLUME = {20},
	NUMBER = {7},
	ABSTRACT = {Global warming is a main cause for current ocean deoxygenation. A deployment of marine carbon dioxide removal (CDR) for mitigating global warming could therefore also be viewed as a measure for mitigating ocean deoxygenation if, and only if, the respective CDR measure itself does not lead to a larger oxygen loss than the reduction in atmospheric CO2 would prevent. We here review the current state of knowledge regarding the potential impacts of various marine CDR (mCDR) options onto ocean oxygen, a key ocean state variable and an essential element for all higher forms of marine life. Using results from global model simulations, we show that biotic approaches, such as ocean fertilization, macroalgae cultivation and sinking, and placement of organic matter that is prone to remineralization, can lead to a loss in seawater dissolved oxygen that is 4-40 times larger than the oxygen gain that would result from the CDR-induced reduction in global warming only. Biotic approaches also tend to enhance the amplitude of the diel cycle in dissolved oxygen, with possible physiological impacts specifically in shallow-water environments of coastal vegetated ecosystem. In contrast, geochemical approaches, and biotic approaches that avoid remineralization of biomass within the ocean, may be applied in ways that have minimal impacts on dissolved oxygen. We suggest that impacts on marine oxygen should be accounted for in assessing the suitability of mCDR, and that oxygen should be measured prior to, during and after any research-scale or full-scale implementation activity.},
	ORGANIZATION = {BMBF - Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung},
	URL = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ade0d4}
}

@article{ORBi-e42398df-2b3e-4db5-bf9b-1bae5b614b80,
	AUTHOR = {Jaonalison, Henitsoa and Grégoire, Marilaure and Mahafina, Jamal and Mwaluma, James and Ravelohasina, Helga and Nomenisoa, Aina Le Don and Mory, Toky Justino and Ranivoarivelo, Lantoasinoro and Ponton, Dominique and Frederich, Bruno},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/334282},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Drivers of fish diversity and size spectra across lagoonal habitats of the Toliara reef system (SW Madagascar)},
	LANGUAGE = {Anglais},
	YEAR = {26 June 2025},
	DOI = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107330},
	PUBLISHER = {Elsevier},
	JOURNAL = {Marine Environmental Research},
	ISSN = {0141-1136},
	VOLUME = {210},
	ABSTRACT = {Size-spectra and taxonomic diversity are important indicators to study the dynamics of communities and to inform conservation in aquatic ecosystems. To date, few studies aimed at modelling the distribution of reef fish diversity at small spatial scales (∼10 km) have been done. Based on a one-year fish sampling using trawl nets, we described and modeled the distribution of fish diversity and their size spectra across various coastal habitats in the Toliara reef system (SW Madagascar). Our data revealed a significant spatial and seasonal change of taxonomic diversity. Beta-diversity was mainly driven by species turnover with up to 75 %, indicating the important conservation value of the sampled sites. Fish size spectra slope emphasized the high dominance of small-sized fish on the sites close to the shoreline indicating their potential nursery zones. By combining environmental and geographic data with the use of the machine learning algorithm Random Forest, we demonstrated the geographic position of sites and associated habitat features were the foremost drivers of alpha-diversity and size spectra patterns (50-64 % of variation). The use of Generalized Dissimilarity Models revealed sediment cover was the main predictor of species turnover patterns (62 % of explained variation), with a rapid increase of species replacement within the first 2 km from the coast. Beyond a confirmation of the role of habitat features on biodiversity, our study emphasized the importance of distance to the shoreline on the distribution of fish diversity across the lagoon. This unexpected driver is discussed in the light of various anthropogenic factors including fisheries and sedimentation.},
	ORGANIZATION = {ULiège - University of Liège},
	URL = {https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0141113625003873?httpAccept=text/xml}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-11f3ee6b-370a-47db-9efb-74d367b5b2b1,
	AUTHOR = {Jaonalison, Henitsoa and Mahafina Jamal and Grégoire, Marilaure and Mwaluma, James and Ravelohasina, Helga and Ponton, Dominique and Frederich, Bruno},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/334860},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Exploring factors driving the diversity of fishes across lagoonal habitats of the Great Reef of Toliara (SW Madagascar)},
	LANGUAGE = {Anglais},
	YEAR = {10 June 2025},
	LOCATION = {Taipei, Taiwan},
	ABSTRACT = {Size-spectra and taxonomic diversity constitute an important ecological indicators and
		biodiversity components to inform management and conservation in aquatic ecosystems. To
		date, few studies aimed to model the distribution of reef fish diversity at small spatial scales.
		Based on a one-year data collection, we described the patterns of fish diversity and their size
		spectra across various coastal habitats covering different environmental gradients in the Toliara reef system (SW Madagascar). We also modeled their distribution across the environmental and geographical gradients using the machine learning algorithm Random Forest for alpha-diversity and size-spectra and Generalized Dissimilarity Modeling for beta-diversity. Our results revealed a significant spatial and seasonal change of species richness and Shannon diversity index. Fish size slope emphasized the high dominance of small-sized fish on the sites close to the shoreline indicating their potential nursery zones. Beta-diversity was mainly contributed by species replacement or turnover with up to 75%, indicating the important conservation value of the sampled sites. The geographic position of the sampled sites and habitat features were the foremost drivers of alpha-diversity and size spectra patterns, explaining 48 to 60% of their variations. On the other hand, only habitat features were the main predictor of species turnover patterns explaining up to 62% with a rapid increase of species replacement within the first 2 km from the coast. Our study helped to identify nurseries grounds across the lagoon of the Great Reef of Toliara and revealed strong variation in the structure of fish assemblages along coastal habitats.},
	ORGANIZATION = {ULiège - University of Liège}
}

@article{ORBi-8cfe57fb-1edb-4ef4-91e0-e468040efd24,
	AUTHOR = {Chevalier, Séverine and Beauchard, Olivier and Teacă, Adrian and Begun, Tatiana and Todorova, Valentina and Vandenbulcke, Luc and Soetaert, Karline and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/332795},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {A macrozoobenthic data set of the Black Sea northwestern shelf.},
	LANGUAGE = {Anglais},
	YEAR = {07 June 2025},
	DOI = {10.1038/s41597-025-05311-2},
	PUBLISHER = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
	JOURNAL = {Scientific Data},
	VOLUME = {12},
	NUMBER = {1},
	ABSTRACT = {Benthic ecological data are crucial to study and manage ecosystems. On the one hand, abiotic and species data provide complementary information to identify habitats. On the other hand, trait data, describing taxon characteristics, are required to predict anthropogenic impacts on marine ecosystems. Indeed, species traits are now widely used to understand natural selection in communities or to highlight ecosystem functions. While trait data are in growing demand, compiling them is challenging, time-consuming and there are no properly established procedures for major marine ecosystems. Here, we share a data set comprising macrozoobenthic occurrences for 215 taxa over the Black Sea northwestern shelf, between 1995 and 2017, and 27 traits documented for 127 taxa that related to life cycle and ecosystem function. In addition, we provide an abiotic data set of physical and chemical variables generated by a model or compiled from in-situ data. This data set aims to fill the functional knowledge gap in the Black Sea and offers research opportunities to future studies covering ecosystem functions, biodiversity conservation, and management.},
	ORGANIZATION = {F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique},
	URL = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-025-05311-2.pdf}
}

@techreport{ORBi-5ec66f45-edfa-426b-9a97-32894e41eec2,
	AUTHOR = {Grégoire, Marilaure and Méon Pierre-Guillaume and Leemans Dimitri and Crucifix Michel and Cleve Anthony and Demeuse Marc},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/332757},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {NOTE SUR LA RÉFORME DES PENSIONS des professeurs d’universités belges},
	LANGUAGE = {French},
	YEAR = {02 June 2025},
	SIZE = {56},
	URL = {https://uni-fra.org/}
}

@techreport{ORBi-78b09217-fda0-4d11-90cc-695944692773,
	AUTHOR = {Grégoire, Marilaure and Méon Pierre-Guillaume and Leemans Dimitri and Crucifix Michel and Cleve Antony and Demeuse Marc},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/332886},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {NOTA OVER DE PENSIOENHERVORMING van Belgische universiteitsdocenten},
	LANGUAGE = {Dutch},
	YEAR = {02 June 2025},
	SIZE = {56},
	URL = {https://uni-fra.org/}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-0715b008-28fc-4bd3-9dd3-34baa6cd86a2,
	AUTHOR = {Chevalier, Séverine and Beauchard, Olivier and Teaca, Adrian and Begun, Tatiana and Vandenbulcke, Luc and Soetaert, Karline and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/331347},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {From benthic functional biodiversity to the mapping of ecosystem functions: a case study over the Black Sea northwestern shelf},
	LANGUAGE = {Anglais},
	YEAR = {01 May 2025},
	DOI = {10.5194/egusphere-egu25-12826},
	LOCATION = {Vienne, Austria},
	ABSTRACT = {Benthic biodiversity is of global significance for the provision of ecosystem services and the mediation of global biogeochemical cycles. For instance, the macrozoobenthos plays a key role in marine carbon and nutrient cycling. Yet, current ocean biogeochemical models oversimplify or ignore life at the seafloor and its variability. The absence of detailed spatial distribution of the functions of the benthos, at large-scale (e.g., coastal and shelf scales), partly explains why benthic life characteristics are not taken into account in model formulation of benthic-pelagic exchanges. This lack of knowledge critically prevents our ability to predict the impact of climate change on the functioning of benthic life and its feedback on marine ecosystem and the biogeochemical budget of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus.Here, we propose to scale up benthic biodiversity data from field sampling to the evaluation of ecosystem functions at large-scale (e.g., carbon sequestration, denitrification), relevant for ecosystem-based management. In our study, we include mechanistic and statistical models to map functional benthic biodiversity in relation to environmental drivers, and ultimately to incorporate its variability into current ocean model.In more details, we compile macrozoobenthos occurrence from 210 sampling stations, covering constrained benthic habitats, over the northwestern shelf of the Black Sea. We use a functional approach of the biodiversity meaning that species are defined by their traits (e.g., dwelling depth and mobility) with an effect on ecosystem functioning. Then, species traits are upscaled at the community level by crossing species observations and their traits. From punctual values, we map continuous distribution of traits as a proxy of ecological processes (e.g., biomixing and biodeposition), precursors of ecosystem functions. We use a neural network to reconstruct maps of traits by linking them to environmental drivers, provided by a biogeochemical model, at high temporal and spatial resolution, run in an operational mode by Copernicus Marine Service (CMEMS). We use a combination of dozen biogeochemical (e.g., bottom oxygen and flux of organic carbon to the bottom) and physical drivers (e.g., bottom temperature and shear stress) as preliminary predictors of the distribution of traits. Then, we choose the best selection of predictors for our trait distribution models.Our key findings show that bottom oxygen and stock of organic carbon are strong predictors for the distribution of traits at shelf-scale. Specifically, areas with high suspended materials and nutrients, such as near the Danube Delta, show deeper burrowing depths and greater mobility in benthic communities meaning potentially higher impact on sediment biomixing. In contrast, permanently hypoxic waters are characterized by very low sediment biomixing potential and very low benthic biodiversity. Thanks to the maps of ecosystem functions, we adapt the parametrization of a current diagenetic model (e.g., depth of mixed layer, bioturbation coefficient) to incorporate the variability of the functional benthic biodiversity. A diagenetic model constrained by seafloor biodiversity, will constitute a significant step for the development of ocean models considering the impact of environmental changes on benthic life and its ability to deliver key marine ecosystem functions.},
	ORGANIZATION = {FRIA - Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture},
	URL = {https://www.egu25.eu/}
}

@article{ORBi-e832786d-1eb5-4cfe-86e8-466a7c6e5238,
	AUTHOR = {Ferrer, Erica M. and Pezner, Ariel K. and Eddebbar, Yassir A. and Breitburg, Denise and Crowe, Sean and Garçon, Véronique Camille and Grégoire, Marilaure and Jane, Stephen F. and Leavitt, Peter R. and Levin, Lisa and Rose, Kevin and Wallace, Douglas},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/334323},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Why aquatic deoxygenation belongs in the planetary boundary framework},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {May 2025},
	DOI = {10.1371/journal.pclm.0000619},
	PUBLISHER = {Public Library of Science},
	JOURNAL = {PLoS Climate},
	VOLUME = {4},
	NUMBER = {5},
	URL = {https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000619}
}

@unpublished{ORBi-a6ea80e2-2fc4-4398-8328-90d52e483b73,
	AUTHOR = {Andry, Gérôme and Rozet, François and Lewin, Sacha and Rochman, Omer and Mangeleer, Victor and Pirlet, Matthias and Faulx, Elise and Grégoire, Marilaure and Louppe, Gilles},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/333961},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Appa: Bending Weather Dynamics with Latent Diffusion Models for Global  Data Assimilation},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {25 April 2025},
	ABSTRACT = {Deep learning has transformed weather forecasting by improving both its
		accuracy and computational efficiency. However, before any forecast can begin,
		weather centers must identify the current atmospheric state from vast amounts
		of observational data. To address this challenging problem, we introduce Appa,
		a score-based data assimilation model producing global atmospheric trajectories
		at 0.25-degree resolution and 1-hour intervals. Powered by a 1.5B-parameter
		spatio-temporal latent diffusion model trained on ERA5 reanalysis data, Appa
		can be conditioned on any type of observations to infer the posterior
		distribution of plausible state trajectories, without retraining. Our unified
		probabilistic framework flexibly tackles multiple inference tasks --
		reanalysis, filtering, and forecasting -- using the same model, eliminating the
		need for task-specific architectures or training procedures. Experiments
		demonstrate physical consistency on a global scale and good reconstructions
		from observations, while showing competitive forecasting skills. Our results
		establish latent score-based data assimilation as a promising foundation for
		future global atmospheric modeling systems.}
}

@article{ORBi-a2ec4d08-718e-4f8c-a782-6c0fcef980d6,
	AUTHOR = {Grailet, Jean-François and Hogan, Robin J. and Ghilain, Nicolas and Bolsée, David and Fettweis, Xavier and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/330033},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Inclusion of the ECMWF ecRad radiation scheme (v1.5.0) in the MAR (v3.14), regional evaluation for Belgium, and assessment of surface shortwave spectral fluxes at Uccle},
	LANGUAGE = {Anglais},
	YEAR = {26 March 2025},
	DOI = {10.5194/gmd-18-1965-2025},
	PUBLISHER = {Copernicus},
	JOURNAL = {Geoscientific Model Development},
	ISSN = {1991-959X},
	VOLUME = {18},
	NUMBER = {6},
	ABSTRACT = {Abstract. The MAR (Modèle Atmosphérique Régional) is a regional climate model used for weather forecasting and climate studies over several continents, including polar regions. To simulate how solar radiation and Earth's infrared radiation propagate through the atmosphere and drive climate, MAR uses the Morcrette radiation scheme. Last updated in the 2000s, this scheme is no longer maintained and lacks the flexibility to add new capabilities, such as computing high-resolution spectral fluxes. This paper presents version 3.14 of MAR, an update that allows MAR to run with ecRad, the latest radiation scheme provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Operational in the ECMWF's Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) since 2017, ecRad was designed with modularity in mind and is still in active development. We evaluate the updated MAR by comparing its outputs over 2011–2020 for Belgium to gridded data provided by the Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium (RMIB) and by the EUMETSAT Satellite Application Facility on Land Surface Analysis. Several sensitivity experiments have been carried out to find the configuration achieving the most balanced radiative budget, as well as to demonstrate that the updated MAR is better equipped to achieve such a balance. Moreover, a MAR simulation running ecRad with high-resolution ecCKD gas-optics models has been conducted to produce spectral shortwave fluxes, which are compared to ground-based spectral measurements captured by the Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy at Uccle (Belgium; 50.797° N, 4.357° E) in the 280–500 nm range from 2017 to 2020. Finally, as a first application of spectral shortwave fluxes computed by MAR running with ecRad, a method for predicting UV indices is described and evaluated.},
	URL = {https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/18/1965/2025/gmd-18-1965-2025.pdf}
}

@article{ORBi-0c7b298d-4863-4eab-8adb-e9504d6936fd,
	AUTHOR = {Randresihaja, Ny Riana and Gourgue, Olivier and Alaerts, Lauranne and Fettweis, Xavier and Lambrechts, Jonathan and De Le Court, Miguel and Grégoire, Marilaure and Hanert, Emmanuel},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/333276},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Assessing the sensitivity of storm surge simulation to the atmospheric forcing resolutions across the estuary-sea continuum},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {21 February 2025},
	DOI = {10.5194/egusphere-2025-634},
	PUBLISHER = {Copernicus},
	JOURNAL = {Ocean Science},
	ISSN = {1812-0784},
	ABSTRACT = {Abstract. Estuaries are particularly vulnerable to flooding from extreme events such as storm surges, and this vulnerability can be exacerbated by climate change. Numerical models are valuable tools for supporting flood prevention and planning in these regions. However, despite recent improvements in storm surge modeling, most models use atmospheric forcing data with spatial resolutions of several tens of kilometers and temporal resolutions of a few hours, hence much coarser than their own resolution. This discrepancy may have an impact on the overall model accuracy. Here, we evaluate the impact of atmospheric forcing data’s spatial and temporal resolution on storm surge modeling within the Scheldt river-estuary-North Sea sea continuum. Atmospheric forcings were incorporated at spatial resolutions ranging from 2 km to 30 km and at temporal resolutions from 15 minutes to 6 hours. Using an unstructured-mesh multiscale hydrodynamic model, we assessed how these variations influenced the accuracy of storm surge simulations. Our findings indicate that increasing spatial resolution significantly improves the accuracy of peak surge predictions in estuarine areas, while higher temporal resolution further enhances model performance only at the finest spatial resolution. The effect of the temporal resolution diminishes as spatial resolution becomes coarser, suggesting that spatial resolution is more critical for improving storm surge forecasts in estuaries like the Scheldt. The timing of peak surges remained consistent across all configurations. The best results are obtained with 2 km and 15 min atmospheric forcing resolution. This study underscores the importance of aligning atmospheric forcing resolution with the hydrodynamic model's spatial scale to achieve optimal accuracy in storm surge predictions for estuaries.}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-9d759383-65ba-4e07-a839-b376743fc4b7,
	AUTHOR = {Choblet, Mathurin and Vandenbulcke, Luc and Ricker, Marcel and Verezemskaya, Polina and Staneva, Joanna and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/347847},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Wave forcing impacts on coupled physical-biogeochemical dynamics in the Black Sea},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2025}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-56842342-554d-45af-86dc-d1a025f863d4,
	AUTHOR = {Macé, Loïc and Vandenbulcke, Luc and Brankart Jean-Michel and Brasseur Pierre and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/335399},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Contributions of radiative transfer modelling to a stochastic biogeochemical forecasting system in the Black Sea},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {19 November 2024},
	LOCATION = {Paris, France}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-03eca7f3-1184-46c4-abf0-a8ee8e8e2f2c,
	AUTHOR = {Randresihaja, Ny Riana and Lambrechts, Jonathan and HANERT, Emmanuel and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/325510},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Multiscale modeling of the Scheldt-North Sea continuum and atmospheric resolution's impact on Storm Surges},
	LANGUAGE = {Anglais},
	YEAR = {November 2024},
	ABSTRACT = {With the rise of global warming, the intensity of compound events involving storm
		surges, tides, and river discharge is expected to increase, amplifying coastal damage
		and flooding, especially in estuarine regions. The Scheldt river-estuary and the North
		Sea are densely populated areas with significant economic interests, including
		shipping, fisheries, and tourism. Given the economic importance of this region, it is
		crucial to understand the interactions within the river-estuary-ocean continuum during
		extreme events. However, this is a challenging task due to the complexity arising from
		the interaction between river and seawater masses, which operate on diXerent temporal
		and spatial scales. Detailed modeling is essential to capture these multiple behaviors
		and dynamics. This knowledge is vital for developing eXective strategies to protect the
		economic assets and communities in the region. This study assesses the impact of
		small-scale changes in the Scheldt river-estuary and atmospheric conditions on the
		dynamics of storm surges in the Northwestern Continental Shelf and Belgian Bight of the
		North Sea during extreme weather events. We developed an unstructured-mesh
		multiscale coastal ocean model to simulate storm surge events, successfully
		replicating observed water elevations and tidal components. By incorporating
		atmospheric forcings at various spatial resolutions and temporal resolutions, from 2 km
		in a high-resolution regional model to 30 km in a global model and from hourly to 6-
		hourly, we evaluate the sensitivity of storm surge simulations to these variations.
		Additionally, we provide insights into the threats posed by North Sea storm surges
		infiltrating the Scheldt, which could have severe implications for the region’s economic
		activities. Our findings underscore the critical importance of precise and
		comprehensive atmospheric forcing data for enhancing model accuracy in river-estuary
		continuum. Improving these data is pivotal for robust coastal protection strategies and
		informed decision-making in navigation, environmental hazard response, and
		community resilience, safeguarding the vital economic interests of the Scheldt river-
		estuary region.},
	ORGANIZATION = {F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-bd05e785-4b86-40ae-85b7-6b999a454725,
	AUTHOR = {Alaerts, Lauranne and Lambrechts, Jonathan and Randresihaja, Ny Riana and Vandenbulcke, Luc and Gourgue, Olivier and Hanert, Emmanuel and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/327664},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {From the Delta to the Sea: Challenges in modelling the Danube-Black Sea continuum},
	LANGUAGE = {Anglais},
	YEAR = {November 2024},
	LOCATION = {Paris, France}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-ccdc9c21-3160-42c2-8cac-9dbd1003311f,
	AUTHOR = {Yu, Haolin and Rose, Kenneth and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/340009},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Simulating Anchovy's Full Life Cycle in the Black Sea: A Coupled Biogeochemical-DEB-Movement-IBM Model},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {24 October 2024},
	LOCATION = {Constanta, Romania},
	ABSTRACT = {European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) is an abundant small pelagic fish in the Black Sea and supports a significant commercial fishery. Anchovy is highly sensitive to climate fluctuations that affect environmental and biological conditions. Presently, reconstructed biomass and population data from stock assessments lack detailed spatial resolution. We are developing a 3D full-life-cycle individual-based population model for Black Sea anchovy. The model is one-way coupled to a Black Sea hydrodynamics-biogeochemical model (BAMHBI) that provides temperature, circulation (transport), and prey for the anchovy. The IBM uses the same grid as the hydrodynamics-BAMHBI model. Individual anchovy progress daily through five life stages (egg, early larvae, late larvae, juvenile, and adult) and we follow individuals until age-4. A dynamic energy budget (DEB) submodel is used to simulate growth across all life stages and generate egg production. The model incorporates phototrophic small and large flagellates as food sources for larvae, and micro- and meso-zooplankton for juveniles and adults. Movement is based on a kinesis algorithm with temperature and food as cues; eggs are physically transported.  A super-individual approach is utilized for computational efficiency. Calibration proceeded by separately tuning the DEB, movement, and density-dependent mortality, and then comparing predictions to data when all were combined into the full 3D population model. We presently are evaluating the full model using a baseline simulation of 1990 to 2022. We will then use simulation experiments to explore, under present-day and plausible future climates, the mechanisms that cause high and low recruitment years, population responses to changes in harvest, and the effects of invasive species that compete for common prey.  We plan to use the modeling to provide insights into the sustainability and resilience of Black Sea anchovy population to climate, harvest, and stressors. Better understanding of the spatiotemporal variation in population dynamics can inform fishery management and conservation strategies.},
	NOTE = {Oral presentation}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-17c08f59-c4ca-44b0-b594-1982db393f94,
	AUTHOR = {Chevalier, Séverine and Beauchard, Olivier and Teaca, Adrian and Barth, Alexander and Soetaert, Karline and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/323816},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Mapping lifehistory strategies of macrobenthic communities},
	LANGUAGE = {Anglais},
	YEAR = {23 October 2024},
	ABSTRACT = {In recent decades, biological traits - any morphological, physiological or phenological features defined at the species level-  have been widely used to assess how macrozoobenthic life respond to stress and influence ecosystem functioning. In the framework of response and effect traits, response traits - traits that respond in a specific way to environmental factors - can be combined (e.g. age at maturity, longevity, offspring size) to derive specific life-history strategies. These latter inform on species ability to withstand external pressures by sorting vulnerable species (i.e. slow-growing, long-lived) from tolerant to disturbance ones (i.e. fast-growing, short-lived). Despite the growing interest of trait-based approaches in marine ecology, there is still a clear lack of benthic studies considering simultaneously several traits and gathering trait information is time-consuming, unwell documented and scarce for many benthic taxa. Here, we propose to fulfill the gap in macrozoobenthic traits knowledge for the northwestern shelf of the Black Sea. Based on our extensive species and traits datasets, we assess the spatial variability of life-history strategies. In more detail, macrozoobenthic samples were collected during several campaigns, from 2008 to 2017, in a total of 111 sampling sites. Then, we select 15 traits based on those expected to respond to external pressures and we compile a trait matrix for a subset of 96 taxa. From an appropriate clustering of the traits, main life-history strategies are derived and each taxa is defined by a unique functional group (i.e. resistant, resilient and vulnerable groups). For building maps of those functional groups, we use spatial optimal interpolation based on variational analysis. In future research, the confidence in those maps will be improved through the inclusion of neural network tools. Mapping of benthic functional groups may be used as ecological indicators for ecosystem health assessment and may be helpful for conservation policy.}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-f0b5725f-e250-41dc-9ead-2ef338aeddd7,
	AUTHOR = {Macé, Loïc and Vandenbulcke, Luc and Brasseur Pierre and Brankart Jean-Michel and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/334859},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Charaterisation of uncertainties in an ocean radiative transfer model for the Black Sea},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {08 October 2024},
	LOCATION = {Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-1fec41b0-730d-4592-abed-6c2266ed6722,
	AUTHOR = {Randresihaja, Ny Riana and Lambrechts, Jonathan and Grégoire, Marilaure and HANERT, Emmanuel},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/325515},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Assessing the sensitivity of storm surge simulations to the atmospheric forcing resolution across the land-sea continuum},
	LANGUAGE = {Français},
	YEAR = {October 2024},
	LOCATION = {Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium},
	ORGANIZATION = {F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-486004f6-d348-4297-b696-7a205527f2af,
	AUTHOR = {Alaerts, Lauranne and Lambrechts, Jonathan and Randresihaja, Ny Riana and Vandenbulcke, Luc and Gourgue, Olivier and Hanert, Emmanuel and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/327662},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Simulating the hydrodynamics of the Danube River, Delta and Black Sea continuum},
	LANGUAGE = {Anglais},
	YEAR = {October 2024},
	LOCATION = {Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-43d92cf5-0870-44e9-92a2-b060a66c2734,
	AUTHOR = {Chevalier, Séverine and Grégoire, Marilaure and Soetaert, Karline and Beauchard, Olivier and Teaca, Adrian and Barth, Alexander},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/321951},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {From biological traits to ecosystem functions:  a trait-based approach},
	LANGUAGE = {Anglais},
	YEAR = {12 September 2024},
	LOCATION = {Liège, Belgium},
	ABSTRACT = {The biological community inhabiting the sediment, the macrobenthos, is a vital and key component of the marine ecosystem. Through their biological activities, benthic animals rework the sediment in a process termed bioturbation. Bioturbation have a great impact on the benthic-pelagic coupling by modifying the gradients of geochemical properties, redistributing food and affecting the exchanges of solutes and gases with the overlaying water. However, so far, ocean models ignore the life at the sea floor and its impact on biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem functioning. Here, we propose to introduce the variability of the biological communities in an ocean model (NEMO4.2-BAMBHI), run in an operational mode by the CMEMS Black Sea Marine Forecasting center. We use a functional approach of the benthic biodiversity meaning that species are defined by their characteristics (e.g. dwelling depth, mobility) with an effect on ecosystem functioning (i.e. effect trait). We compile a macrozoobenthos dataset from 138 sampling stations covering the northwestern shelf of the Black Sea. Firstly, we determine traits related to bioturbation (e.g. burrowing depth and mobility in the sediment) for the most abundant taxa as a proxy of the macrobenthic species influence on ecosystem functioning. Then, we assess trait values present in the community for each sampling sites based on species observation and their derived traits. From punctual values, we derive continuous distribution of traits modalities over the whole shelf using interpolation tool. We show that deeper burrowing depth as well as higher mobility are found near the mouth of the Danube Delta where higher concentrations of suspended materials and nutrients are observed. At the edge of the shelf, where intrusions of anoxic waters occur, the potential of bioturbation is much reduced. Thanks to these maps of traits, that will be provided in the framework of NECCTON project, the variability of macrobenthos functions will be integrated in the parametrization of NEMO4.2-BAMBHI model. This innovative and appropriate representation of the benthic-pelagic coupling in a 3D ocean model will better predict at large scales the contribution of marine sediments to carbon sequestration, deoxygenation, nitrogen removal through denitrification at large scales.},
	ORGANIZATION = {F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique}
}

@article{ORBi-772d9fbd-99f7-4edb-b5f5-6b3b8658097e,
	AUTHOR = {Chevalier, Séverine and Beauchard, Olivier and Teacă, Adrian and Soetaert, Karline and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/321773},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Partial recovery of macrozoobenthos on the northwestern shelf of the Black Sea.},
	LANGUAGE = {Anglais},
	YEAR = {30 August 2024},
	DOI = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116857},
	PUBLISHER = {Elsevier},
	JOURNAL = {Marine Pollution Bulletin},
	ISSN = {0025-326X},
	VOLUME = {207},
	ABSTRACT = {The northwestern shelf of the Black Sea has been affected by eutrophication and bottom hypoxia since the sixties. Consequently, the macrozoobenthos has suffered a well-established decline in biodiversity. However, the nature of the current benthic communities remains questionable. From 1995 to 2017, we compiled species and abiotic data for 138 sites over the shelf. Through an appropriate multivariate analytical approach, we identified benthic community changes solely due to organic pollution variations. Our results show signs of recovery with an increase in biodiversity and proportion of species vulnerable to organic enrichment. These changes were related to a decrease in riverine loads and subsequent eutrophication. However, some long-lived species typical of the area still did not exhibit noticeable recovery, which suggests that either the recovery process has not yet been achieved or some environmental conditions are still not met to warrant a sea floor ecosystem state substantially healthy.},
	ORGANIZATION = {FRIA - Fund for Research Training in Industry and Agriculture},
	URL = {https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0025326X24008348?httpAccept=text/xml}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-3de30eb0-6856-4a5b-ba5a-9ab776687d4f,
	AUTHOR = {Dechenne, Abel and Chevalier, Séverine and Grégoire, Marilaure and Alvera Azcarate, Aida and Barth, Alexander},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/337245},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Deriving benthic traits through deep learning methods},
	LANGUAGE = {Anglais},
	YEAR = {28 May 2024},
	DOI = {10.5194/egusphere-egu25-10653}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-49c2e73a-687b-444f-b16d-711563ec7932,
	AUTHOR = {Choblet, Mathurin and Vandenbulcke, Luc and Grégoire, Marilaure and Staneva, Joanna and Ricker, Marcel},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/347846},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Studying the impact of particle resuspension for modeling and predicting Hypoxia on the Black Sea shelf},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2024}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-f30e4c9d-d56a-4e5a-baea-f682061cabd0,
	AUTHOR = {Choblet, Mathurin and Vandenbulcke, Luc and Grégoire, Marilaure and Staneva, Joanna and Ricker, Marcel},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/347848},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Linking Storms and Hypoxia. The case of the Black Sea Northwestern Shelf.},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2024}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-23d58e2f-6cfa-48f6-be3c-b7a1e07a13ae,
	AUTHOR = {Chevalier, Séverine and Grégoire, Marilaure and Karline Soetaert and Olivier Beauchard},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/310184},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Macrobenthos recovering from eutrophication at the scale of the northwestern continental shelf of the Black Sea},
	LANGUAGE = {Anglais},
	YEAR = {20 December 2023},
	LOCATION = {Liège, Belgium},
	ABSTRACT = {The northwestern continental shelf of the Black Sea has been affected by severe eutrophication and bottom hypoxia since the seventies due to an increase of anthropogenic activities. As a direct consequence, macrozoobenthos has suffered well-established decline in terms of biomass
		and diversity with modification in the benthic communities assemblage. 
		In this study, we compiled macrozoobenthos data for 138 stations over the shelf from 1995 to 2017 within the framework of the EROS-2000 (1995), SESAME (2008), HYPOX (2010-2011) and EMBLAS (2016-2017) projects. Environmental data are also computed from a coupled physical biogeochemical model. A comparison is made between the 1995 and 2008-2017 period to evidence a potential recovery of the benthic communities in terms of species assemblage and extension in the hypoxic area. The 2008-2017 period is characterized by a significantly higher taxonomic richness compared to the 1995 period. Taxonomic richness is positively correlated with the dissolved oxygen concentration and the extent of the bottom hypoxic area at the scale of the shelf. There is a reduction in bottom hypoxia from 1995 to 2008-2017 due to the decrease of nutrient loads from the rivers and its subsequent eutrophication. A sharp decrease in the total share of the class Polychaeta is observed between both periods and an increase in the total share of epibenthic species (i.e. molluscs, crustaceans) is noticed for the 2008-2017 period. On the path to recovery, decrease of the class Polychaeta can be explained by a reduction in anthropogenic stress on the Black Sea ecosystem leading to a reduction of opportunistic deposit-feeder (oligochaetes and some species of polychaetes) simultaneously with the increase of sensitive epibenthic species. However, development of invasive species and persistence of opportunistic species tend to mitigate the recovery tendency.}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-9a5fc600-1d18-41ff-a69c-43d836f1b923,
	AUTHOR = {Macé, Loïc and Vandenbulcke, Luc and Brankart, Jean-Michel and Brasseur, Pierre and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/334864},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Identification and stochastic modelling of uncertainties in the analysis and forecasting of Black Sea ecosystems},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {13 June 2023},
	LOCATION = {Grenoble, France}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-e5e8ce2c-e502-4b9e-a3eb-52d89b3a8b06,
	AUTHOR = {Alaerts, Lauranne and Lambrechts, Jonathan and Hanert, Emmanuel and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/304924},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {From the delta to the sea: Challenges in modelling the Danube-Black Sea continuum},
	LANGUAGE = {Anglais},
	YEAR = {04 June 2023},
	LOCATION = {Palma de Majorque, Spain}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-be94a813-ac9e-4450-a9c5-4a08e1f729b6,
	AUTHOR = {Alaerts, Lauranne and Lambrechts, Jonathan and Hanert, Emmanuel and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/304918},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {From the delta to the sea: Challenges in modelling the Danube-Black Sea continuum},
	LANGUAGE = {Anglais},
	YEAR = {25 May 2023},
	LOCATION = {Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-1a8977c7-a985-413a-8407-240dc8826bff,
	AUTHOR = {Alaerts, Lauranne and Lambrechts, Jonathan and Hanert, Emmanuel and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/304998},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {From the delta to the sea: Challenges in modelling the Danube-Black Sea continuum},
	LANGUAGE = {Anglais},
	YEAR = {01 March 2023},
	LOCATION = {Bruges, Belgium}
}

@article{ORBi-4d27fd6f-fbaa-4346-a1e5-f9da11d2c24a,
	AUTHOR = {Grégoire, Marilaure and Alvera Azcarate, Aida and Buga, Luminita and Capet, Arthur and Constantin, Sorin and D’ortenzio, Fabrizio and Doxaran, David and Faugeras, Yannis and Garcia-Espriu, Aina and Golumbeanu, Mariana and González-Haro, Cristina and González-Gambau, Verónica and Kasprzyk, Jean-Paul and Ivanov, Evgeny and Mason, Evan and Mateescu, Razvan and Meulders, Catherine and Olmedo, Estrella and Pons, Leonard and Pujol, Marie-Isabelle and Sarbu, George and Turiel, Antonio and Vandenbulcke, Luc and Rio, Marie-Hélène},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/302598},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Monitoring Black Sea environmental changes from space: New products for altimetry, ocean colour and salinity. Potentialities and requirements for a dedicated in-situ observing system},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {26 January 2023},
	DOI = {10.3389/fmars.2022.998970},
	PUBLISHER = {Frontiers},
	JOURNAL = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	VOLUME = {9},
	ABSTRACT = {In this paper, satellite products developed during the Earth Observation for Science and Innovation in the Black Sea (EO4SIBS) ESA project are presented. Ocean colour, sea level anomaly and sea surface salinity datasets are produced for the last decade and validated with regional in-situ observations. New data processing is tested to appropriately tackle the Black Sea’s particular configuration and geophysical characteristics. For altimetry, the full rate (20Hz) altimeter measurements from Cryosat-2 and Sentinel-3A are processed to deliver a 5Hz along-track product. This product is combined with existing 1Hz product to produce gridded datasets for the sea level anomaly, mean dynamic topography, geostrophic currents. This new set of altimetry gridded products offers a better definition of the main Black Sea current, a more accurate reconstruction and characterization of eddies structure, in particular, in coastal areas, and improves the observable wavelength by a factor of 1.6. The EO4SIBS sea surface salinity from SMOS is the first satellite product for salinity in the Black Sea. Specific data treatments are applied to remedy the issue of land-sea and radio frequency interference contamination and to adapt the dielectric constant model to the low salinity and cold waters of the Black Sea. The quality of the SMOS products is assessed and shows a significant improvement from Level-2 to Level -3 and Level-4 products. Level-4 products accuracy is 0.4-0.6 psu, a comparable value to that in the Mediterranean Sea. On average SMOS sea surface salinity is lower than salinity measured by Argo floats, with a larger error in the eastern basin. The adequacy of SMOS SSS to reproduce the spatial characteristics of the Black Sea surface salinity and, in particular, plume patterns is analyzed. For ocean colour, chlorophyll-a, turbidity and suspended particulate materials are proposed using regional calibrated algorithms and satellite data provided by OLCI sensor onboard Sentinel-3 mission. The seasonal cycle of ocean colour products is described and a water classification scheme is proposed. The development of these three types of products has suffered from important in-situ data gaps that hinder a sound calibration of the algorithms and a proper assessment of the datasets quality. We propose recommendations for improving the in-situ observing system that will support the development of satellite products.},
	ORGANIZATION = {ESA - European Space Agency},
	URL = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.998970/full}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-f9d3a198-d769-478a-b7fe-3d3acf37270c,
	AUTHOR = {Alaerts, Lauranne and Emmanuel Hanert and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/304249},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Multiscale modelling of hydro-biogeochemical fluxes along the Danube delta-Black Sea land-sea continuum},
	LANGUAGE = {Anglais},
	YEAR = {13 December 2022},
	LOCATION = {Liège, Belgium},
	ABSTRACT = {The Danube River is the second longest river in Europe. It passes through 10 countries before emptying in the Black Sea. The Danube Delta, largest nearly undisturbed wetland in Europe, plays a buffering role between the river and the sea. Eutrophication in the coastal zone due to the increase of nutrients coming from the river causes important biological and financial losses since the 1970s. However, despite this and the importance of the Danube-Danube Delta-Black Sea system, the hydro and biogeochemical fluxes in this system remain largely understudied. The main objective of this PhD is to model and quantify the interactions between the Danube delta and the Black Sea, from hourly to multi-annual time scales. More specifically, we aim to evaluate how the biogeochemical fluxes of the North-western shelf (NWS) (i.e. limited by the 100m isobath) impact and are impacted by the small-scale variability of the three branches of the Danube Delta (i.e. Chilia, Sulina and Sfântul Gheorghe).}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-1095b441-8e24-45f3-9360-0f1bdc594398,
	AUTHOR = {Macé, Loïc and Vandenbulcke, Luc and Brankart, Jean-Michel and Brasseur, Pierre and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/334861},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Identification and modelling of uncertainties in the analysis and forecasting of Black Sea ecosystems using a probabilistic approach},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {12 December 2022},
	LOCATION = {Liège, Belgium}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-789c0b9f-af64-414c-999e-2149ea1cd7c8,
	AUTHOR = {Macé, Loïc and Vandenbulcke, Luc and Brankart, Jean-Michel and Brasseur, Pierre and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/334863},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Calibration of a radiative transfer model using BGC-ARGO profiles},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {12 October 2022},
	LOCATION = {Brussels, Belgium}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-8d9511c2-1817-48a2-a5f4-c246774a376b,
	AUTHOR = {Alaerts, Lauranne and Hanert Emmanuel and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/304247},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Multi-scale modelling of biogeochemical fluxes along the Danube land-sea continuum},
	LANGUAGE = {Anglais},
	YEAR = {16 September 2022},
	LOCATION = {Bremerhaven, Germany},
	ABSTRACT = {The Danube River is the second longest river in Europe. It passes through 10 countries before emptying in the Black Sea. The Danube Delta, largest nearly undisturbed wetland in Europe, plays a buffering role between the river and the sea. Eutrophication in the coastal zone due to the increase of nutrients coming from the river causes important biological and financial losses since the 1970s. However, despite this and the importance of the Danube-Danube Delta-Black Sea system, the hydro and biogeochemical fluxes in this system remain largely understudied. We aim to model and quantify the interactions between the Danube delta and the Black Sea, from hourly to multi-annual time scales, using an unstructured-mesh hydrodynamic model. More specifically, we aim to evaluate how the biogeochemical fluxes of the North-western shelf (NWS) (i.e. limited by the 100m isobath) impact and are impacted by the small-scale variability of the three branches of the Danube Delta (i.e. Chilia, Sulina and Sfântul Gheorghe). We will then assess the potential impact of climate change and socioeconomic development on the transfer of water, salt and biogeochemical elements to the sea by running the model under different IPCC scenarios (SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5). This will allow us to evaluate the mitigation potential of the Danube delta on eutrophication phenomenon in the Black Sea, linked with humans developments and socioeconomics pathways, and give recommendations to lessen its impacts in the North-western shelf region.}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-90ffb15c-f354-4859-9d1b-1d575c0ad8fa,
	AUTHOR = {Macé, Loïc and Vandenbulcke, Luc and Brankart, Jean-Michel and Brasseur, Pierre and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/334858},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {A probabilistic approach for the analysis and prevision of Black Sea ecosystems},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {13 September 2022},
	LOCATION = {Bremerhaven, Germany}
}

@article{ORBi-e0e63d27-f762-4c63-b17e-de32faefdf50,
	AUTHOR = {Masina, Simona and Counillon, François and Grégoire, Marilaure and Storto, Andrea and Tsujino, Hiroyuki},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/291830},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Editorial: Past Reconstruction of the Physical and Biogeochemical Ocean State},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {31 May 2022},
	DOI = {10.3389/feart.2022.890370},
	PUBLISHER = {Frontiers},
	JOURNAL = {Frontiers in Earth Science},
	VOLUME = {31},
	URL = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2022.890370/full}
}

@article{ORBi-63d227ea-68b0-411a-adcd-6064e16c874b,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Taburet, Guillaume and Mason, Evan and Pujol, Marie Isabelle and Grégoire, Marilaure and Rio, Marie-Hélène},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/293074},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Using Argo Floats to Characterize Altimetry Products: A Study of Eddy-Induced Subsurface Oxygen Anomalies in the Black Sea},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {26 May 2022},
	DOI = {10.3389/fmars.2022.875653},
	PUBLISHER = {Frontiers},
	JOURNAL = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	VOLUME = {9},
	ABSTRACT = {The identification of mesoscale eddies from remote sensing altimetry is often used as a first step for downstream analyses of surface or subsurface auxiliary data sets, in a so-called composite analysis framework. This framework aims at characterizing the mean perturbations induced by eddies on oceanic variables, by merging the local anomalies of multiple data instances according to their relative position to eddies. Here, we evaluate different altimetry data sets derived for the Black Sea and compare their adequacy to characterize subsurface oxygen and salinity signatures induced by cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies. In particular, we propose that the theoretical consistency and estimated error of the reconstructed mean anomaly may serve to qualify the accuracy of gridded altimetry products and that BGC-Argo data provide a strong asset in that regard. The most recent of these data sets, prepared with a coastal concern in the frame of the ESA EO4SIBS project, provides statistics of eddy properties that, in comparison with earlier products, are closer to model simulations, in particular for coastal anticyclones. More importantly, the subsurface signature of eddies reconstructed from BGC-Argo floats data is more consistent when the EO4SIBS data set is used to relocate the profiles into an eddy-centric coordinate system. Besides, we reveal intense subsurface oxygen anomalies which stress the importance of mesoscale contribution to Black Sea oxygen dynamics and support the hypothesis that this contribution extends beyond transport and involves net biogeochemical processes.},
	ORGANIZATION = {ESA - European Space Agency},
	URL = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.875653/full}
}

@article{ORBi-5c7b3a7e-5fdd-47f8-9a00-af7ab7575082,
	AUTHOR = {Robinet, Sarah and Matossian, Alice Ofélia and Capet, Arthur and Chou, Lei and Fontaine, François and Grégoire, Marilaure and Lepoint, Gilles and Piotrowska, Natalia and Plante, Audrey and Román Romín, Olaya and Fagel, Nathalie},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/288384},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {A Multi-Proxy Approach to Reconstruct Hypoxia on the NW Black Sea Shelf over the Holocene},
	LANGUAGE = {Anglais},
	YEAR = {23 February 2022},
	DOI = {10.3390/jmse10030319},
	PUBLISHER = {MDPI},
	JOURNAL = {Journal of Marine Science and Engineering},
	ISSN = {2077-1312},
	VOLUME = {10},
	NUMBER = {3},
	ABSTRACT = {Coastal hypoxia is a worldwide concern. Even though seasonal hypoxia has been reported on the northwestern Black Sea shelf since the 1970s, little is known about oxygenation in this area over the Holocene. With a multiproxy approach, this work aimed to detect potential hypoxic events in two gravity cores. Our results demonstrate that the most common proxies of hypoxia are irrelevant for the Black Sea coastal environment. For instance, the Ammonia-Elphidium index appears to be inappropriate. We assume a salinity bias due to the influence of freshwater inputs. Likely, the redox sensitivity of vanadium is obscured by the dominant supply of detrital elements. However, the size distribution of framboidal pyrites gives clear indications of the oxygenation of the water column. Indeed, the absence of framboidal pyrites in the core located at the Danube mouth suggests permanent oxic conditions over the last 2 ka. On the contrary, in the core located in the Odessa Bay, the two observed ranges of pyrite sizes evidence an alternation between anoxic (mean diameter 3–6 ± 1–2 µm) and hypoxic or oxic (mean diameter 6–10 ± 3–5 µm) conditions in bottom waters over the last 7 ka. Therefore, this proxy reveals different oxygenation levels for these proximal sites.},
	ORGANIZATION = {F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique},
	NOTE = {All data can be available on demand to the corresponding authors.},
	URL = {https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/10/3/319/pdf}
}

@techreport{ORBi-39e2cc2d-2d88-46c8-ae83-71d5e55327d9,
	AUTHOR = {Vanaverbeke, Jan and Braeckman, Ulrike and Breine, Naomi and Capet, Arthur and De Borger, Emil and Degraer, Steven and Festjens, Felien and Grégoire, Marilaure and Ivanov, Evgeny and Mavraki, Ninon and Moens, Tom and Soetaert, Karline and Toussaint, Elise and Van Hoey, Gert},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/299035},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {FaCE-IT: Functional biodiversity in a Changing sedimentary Environment:Implications for biogeochemistry and food webs in a managerial setting.},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2022},
	PUBLISHER = {BELSPO}
}

@book{ORBi-32079dea-aee8-42d0-8bd9-b1c2b2452117,
	AUTHOR = {Braeckman, Ulrike},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/291833},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Towards an understanding and assessment of human impact on coastal marine environments},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2022},
	PUBLISHER = {Copernicus},
	URL = {https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/special\_issue1185.html}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-721c95d4-d780-405d-8e85-cf3309d2fffb,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Mason, Evan and Taburet, Guillaume and Pujol, Isabelle and D'Ortenzio, Fabrizio and Grégoire, Marilaure and Rio, Marie-Hélène},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/300175},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Using Argo floats to characterize altimetry products: A study of eddy-induced subsurface oxygen anomalies in the Black Sea},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2022},
	LOCATION = {Bonn, Germany},
	ABSTRACT = {Mesoscale vortices, or eddies, are ubiquitous energetic features whose potential to alter the biogeochemical regimes of the oceans arise, among others, from their capacity to blend large-scale gradients (eddy stirring), to isolate and transport water masses over large distances (eddy trapping) and to locally shallow or deepen isopycnals (eddy pumping) [1]. While many studies have been dedicated to highlighting and deciphering these mesoscale biogeochemical mechanisms in the open ocean, the difficulties affecting altimetry products in the nearshore area, constitute a strong barrier to the observation-based characterization of biogeochemical eddy dynamics near the shelf-slope.
		
		Because of their transitional nature, capturing observational snapshots of eddies with a satisfactory degree of horizontal and vertical coverage is challenging. To overcome this difficulty, the method of composite analysis consists of gathering a large number of near-eddy data instances (from observation or model results) and exploring the variability of their local anomalies according to their relative position to eddies. The method thus aims at characterizing average eddy-induced perturbations and provided the basis for many of the recent advances in eddy biogeochemical studies [2].
		
		The BGC-Argo program obviously provides a powerful asset for eddy composite studies, which derives from 1) the large availability of data provided under the hood of common technical protocols, 2) the richness of characterized biogeochemical variables, and 3) the continuity of data acquisition which facilitates the characterization of local anomalies.
		
		The first necessary step to any eddy composite analysis lies in the identification and mapping of mesoscale eddies from remote sensing altimetry data products, in order to provide the required information to express in-situ data in eddy-relative coordinates. Typically, this constitutes a critical step in the near-shore domain, where altimetric products are challenged and may finally limit the outcome of downstream composite analysis attempts.
		
		Here, we evaluate different altimetry data sets derived for the Black Sea (2011-2019) and compare their adequacy to characterize eddy-induced subsurface oxygen and salinity signatures by applying a common composite analysis framework exploiting in-situ data acquired by BGC-Argo profilers.
		
		The identification of eddies locations, contours, and properties was obtained by applying the same py-eddy-tracker procedure [3] to three altimetric sets, that differ in terms of along-track preprocessing, optimal interpolation procedure (gridding), and spatial resolution. To complement the comparison, the same procedure was applied to equivalent model products issued from the CMEMS BS-MFC framework [4]. Oxygen and salinity subsurface anomalies were obtained from BGC-Argo profiles, by applying a temporal high-pass filter to the original time-series, and relocated in eddy-centric coordinates specifically for each altimetric product.
		
		The most recent altimetric data set, prepared with a coastal concern in the frame of the ESA EO4SIBS project, provides statistics of eddy properties that, in comparison with earlier products, are closer to those obtained from model simulations, in particular for coastal anticyclones.
		
		More importantly, the eddies subsurface signatures reconstructed from BGC-Argo are more consistent when the EO4SIBS data set is used to relocate the profiles into the eddy-centric framework, in sense of the spatial structure and statistical significance of the obtained subsurface mean anomaly.
		
		We propose that the estimated error on the reconstructed mean anomaly may serve as an argument to qualify the accuracy of gridded altimetry products and that Argo and BGC-Argo data provide a strong asset in that regard.
		
		Besides, the method allowed us to reveal intense subsurface oxygen anomalies associated with the Black Sea near-shore anticyclones, whose structure supports the hypothesis that the contribution of mesoscale circulation to the Black Sea oxygen cycles extends beyond oxygen transport processes and involves net catalytic effects on biogeochemical processes.
		
		[1] D. J. McGillicuddy, (2016) Mechanisms of Physical-Biological-Biogeochemical interaction at the oceanic mesoscale, Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci., 8, 125–159.
		
		[2] P. Gaube, D. J. McGillicuddy, Jr, D. B. Chelton, M. J. Behrenfeld, P. G. Strutton, (2014) Regional variations in the influence of mesoscale eddies on near-surface chlorophyll, J. Geophys. Res. C: Oceans, 119, 8195–8220.
		
		[3] E. Mason, A. Pascual, J. C. McWilliams, (2014) A new sea surface Height–Based code for oceanic mesoscale eddy tracking, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 31, 1181–1188.
		
		[4] Ciliberti, S. A., et al. (2021) Monitoring and Forecasting the Ocean State and Biogeochemical Processes in the Black Sea: Recent Developments in the Copernicus Marine Service. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 9(10), 1146.},
	ORGANIZATION = {ESA - European Space Agency}
}

@incollection{ORBi-8c577686-2e02-4ff0-ab5e-d1460db10397,
	AUTHOR = {Piroddi, Chiara and Heymans, Johanna J. and Macias, Diego and Grégoire, Marilaure and Townsend, Howard},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/291829},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Editorial: Using Ecological Models to Support and Shape Environmental Policy Decisions},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {23 December 2021},
	DOI = {10.3389/fmars.2021.815313},
	PUBLISHER = {Frontiers},
	BOOKTITLE = {Using Ecological Models to Support and Shape Environmental Policy Decisions},
	URL = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.815313/full}
}

@article{ORBi-a3ba3f66-9238-4bf4-84e4-4c9f4f098bc8,
	AUTHOR = {Grégoire, Marilaure and Garçon, Véronique and Garcia, Hernan and Breitburg, Denise and Isensee, Kirsten and Oschlies, Andreas and Telszewski, Maciej and Barth, Alexander and Bittig, Henry C. and Carstensen, Jacob and Carval, Thierry and Chai, Fei and Chavez, Francisco and Conley, Daniel and Coppola, Laurent and Crowe, Sean and Currie, Kim and Dai, Minhan and Deflandre, Bruno and Dewitte, Boris and Diaz, Robert and Garcia-Robledo, Emilio and Gilbert, Denis and Giorgetti, Alessandra and Glud, Ronnie and Gutierrez, Dimitri and Hosoda, Shigeki and Ishii, Masao and Jacinto, Gil and Langdon, Chris and Lauvset, Siv K. and Levin, Lisa A. and Limburg, Karin E. and Mehrtens, Hela and Montes, Ivonne and Naqvi, Wajih and Paulmier, Aurélien and Pfeil, Benjamin and Pitcher, Grant and Pouliquen, Sylvie and Rabalais, Nancy and Rabouille, Christophe and Recape, Virginie and Roman, Michaël and Rose, Kenneth and Rudnick, Daniel and Rummer, Jodie and Schmechtig, Catherine and Schmidtko, Sunke and Seibel, Brad and Slomp, Caroline and Sumalia, U. Rashid and Tanhua, Toste and Thierry, Virginie and Uchida, Hiroshi and Wanninkhof, Rik and Yasuhara, Moriaki},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/290761},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {A Global Ocean Oxygen Database and Atlas for Assessing and Predicting Deoxygenation and Ocean Health in the Open and Coastal Ocean},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {21 December 2021},
	DOI = {10.3389/fmars.2021.724913},
	PUBLISHER = {Frontiers},
	JOURNAL = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	VOLUME = {8},
	ABSTRACT = {In this paper, we outline the need for a coordinated international effort toward the building of an open-access Global Ocean Oxygen Database and ATlas (GO2DAT) complying with the FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable). GO2DAT will combine data from the coastal and open ocean, as measured by the chemical Winkler titration method or by sensors (e.g., optodes, electrodes) from Eulerian and Lagrangian platforms (e.g., ships, moorings, profiling floats, gliders, ships of opportunities, marine mammals, cabled observatories). GO2DAT will further adopt a community-agreed, fully documented metadata format and a consistent quality control (QC) procedure and quality flagging (QF) system. GO2DAT will serve to support the development of advanced data analysis and biogeochemical models for improving our mapping, understanding and forecasting capabilities for ocean O2 changes and deoxygenation trends. It will offer the opportunity to develop quality-controlled data synthesis products with unprecedented spatial (vertical and horizontal) and temporal (sub-seasonal to multi-decadal) resolution. These products will support model assessment, improvement and evaluation as well as the development of climate and ocean health indicators. They will further support the decision-making processes associated with the emerging blue economy, the conservation of marine resources and their associated ecosystem services and the development of management tools required by a diverse community of users (e.g., environmental agencies, aquaculture, and fishing sectors). A better knowledge base of the spatial and temporal variations of marine O2 will improve our understanding of the ocean O2 budget, and allow better quantification of the Earth’s carbon and heat budgets. With the ever-increasing need to protect and sustainably manage ocean services, GO2DAT will allow scientists to fully harness the increasing volumes of O2 data already delivered by the expanding global ocean observing system and enable smooth incorporation of much higher quantities of data from autonomous platforms in the open ocean and coastal areas into comprehensive data products in the years to come. This paper aims at engaging the community (e.g., scientists, data managers, policy makers, service users) toward the development of GO2DAT within the framework of the UN Global Ocean Oxygen Decade (GOOD) program recently endorsed by IOC-UNESCO. A roadmap toward GO2DAT is proposed highlighting the efforts needed (e.g., in terms of human resources).},
	URL = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.724913/full}
}

@article{ORBi-53794022-158d-4b89-a231-1cbc1b6a46a9,
	AUTHOR = {Estes, Maurice and Anderson, Clarissa and Appeltans, Ward and Bax, Nic and Bednaršek, Nina and Canonico, Gabrielle and Djavidnia, Samy and Escobar, Elva and Fietzek, Peer and Grégoire, Marilaure and Hazen, Elliott and Kavanaugh, Maria and Lejzerowicz, Franck and Lombard, Fabien and Miloslavich, Patricia and Möller, Klas O. and Monk, Jacquomo and Montes, Enrique and Moustahfid, Hassan and Muelbert, Monica M.C. and Muller-Karger, Frank and Peavey Reeves, Lindsey E. and Satterthwaite, Erin V. and Schmidt, Jörn O. and Sequeira, Ana M.M. and Turner, Woody and Weatherdon, Lauren V.},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/291837},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Enhanced monitoring of life in the sea is a critical component of conservation management and sustainable economic growth},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {October 2021},
	DOI = {10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104699},
	PUBLISHER = {Elsevier},
	JOURNAL = {Marine Policy},
	ISSN = {0308-597X},
	VOLUME = {132},
	ABSTRACT = {Marine biodiversity is a fundamental characteristic of our planet that depends on and influences climate, water quality, and many ocean state variables. It is also at the core of ecosystem services that can make or break economic development in any region. Our purpose is to highlight the need for marine biological observations to inform science and conservation management and to support the blue economy. We provide ten recommendations, applicable now, to measure and forecast biological Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) as part of economic monitoring efforts. The UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030) provides a timely opportunity to implement these recommendations to benefit humanity and enable the USD 3 trillion global ocean economy expected by 2030.},
	ORGANIZATION = {CAR - Center for Automotive Research},
	URL = {https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0308597X21003109?httpAccept=text/xml}
}

@article{ORBi-faa4318e-f985-4b01-99af-a9e8a20d132f,
	AUTHOR = {Pitcher, Grant C. and Aguirre-Velarde, Arturo and Breitburg, Denise and Cardich, Jorge and Carstensen, Jacob and Conley, Daniel J. and Dewitte, Boris and Engel, Anja and Espinoza-Morriberón, Dante and Flores, Georgina and Garçon, Véronique and Graco, Michelle and Grégoire, Marilaure and Gutiérrez, Dimitri and Hernandez-Ayon, José Martin and Huang, Huai-Hsuan May and Isensee, Kirsten and Jacinto, María Elena and Levin, Lisa and Lorenzo, Alberto and Machu, Eric and Merma, Lander and Montes, Ivonne and SWA, Naqvi and Paulmier, Aurelien and Roman, Michael and Rose, Kenneth and Hood, Raleigh and Rabalais, Nancy N. and Salvanes, Anne Gro V. and Salvatteci, Renato and Sánchez, Sonia and Sifeddine, Abdelfettah and Tall, Abdoul Wahab and Plas, Anja K. van der and Yasuhara, Moriaki and Zhang, Jing and Zhu, Z.Y.},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/291838},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {System controls of coastal and open ocean oxygen depletion},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {September 2021},
	DOI = {10.1016/j.pocean.2021.102613},
	PUBLISHER = {Elsevier},
	JOURNAL = {Progress in Oceanography},
	ISSN = {0079-6611},
	VOLUME = {197},
	ABSTRACT = {The epoch of the Anthropocene, a period during which human activity has been the dominant influence on climate and the environment, has witnessed a decline in oxygen concentrations and an expansion of oxygen-depleted environments in both coastal and open ocean systems since the middle of the 20th century. This paper provides a review of system-specific drivers of low oxygen in a range of case studies representing marine systems in the open ocean, on continental shelves, in enclosed seas and in the coastal environment. Identification of similar and contrasting responses within and across system types and corresponding oxygen regimes is shown to be informative both in understanding and isolating key controlling processes and provides a sound basis for predicting change under anticipated future conditions. Case studies were selected to achieve a balance in system diversity and global coverage. Each case study describes system attributes, including the present-day oxygen environment and known trends in oxygen concentrations over time. Central to each case study is the identification of the physical and biogeochemical processes that determine oxygen concentrations through the tradeoff between ventilation and respiration. Spatial distributions of oxygen and time series of oxygen data provide the opportunity to identify trends in oxygen availability and have allowed various drivers of low oxygen to be distinguished through correlative and causative relationships. Deoxygenation results from a complex interplay of hydrographic and biogeochemical processes and the superposition of these processes, some additive and others subtractive, makes attribution to any particular driver challenging. System-specific models are therefore required to achieve a quantitative understanding of these processes and of the feedbacks between processes at varying scales.},
	URL = {https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0079661121001002?httpAccept=text/xml}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-782f7ad1-ed20-4f21-99f0-4624c38f8dca,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Vandenbulcke, Luc and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/267302},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Biogeochemical controls on the Black Sea oxygen dynamics. Diagnostics, processes and monitoring strategies},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {14 July 2021},
	ORGANIZATION = {F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-50cc5cf2-c0a5-4074-8cec-077e6f7d16f5,
	AUTHOR = {Grégoire, Marilaure and Capet, Arthur and Chou, Lei and Fagel, Nathalie and Lepoint, Molly and Meulders, Catherine and Soetaert, Karline and Vandenbulcke, Luc},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/268049},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {From species characteristics to ecosystem functions: modelling the distribution of macrobenthos traits in the Black sea.},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {May 2021}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-cc00cc69-6694-4d2f-9af8-4cdc35446d22,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Vandenbulcke, Luc and Grégoire, Marilaure and Rodriguez Galvez, Luis and Twigt, Daniel and Rubio, Anna and Fernandez, Vicente},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/267303},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {FORCOAST : Earth Observation Services for Wild Fisheries, Oysterground Restoration and Bivalve Mariculture along European Coasts},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {May 2021}
}

@article{ORBi-183ff2db-a05e-4614-ab91-5f01ce14bf6d,
	AUTHOR = {Ricour, Florian and Capet, Arthur and D'Ortenzio, Fabrizio and Delille, Bruno and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/256777},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Dynamics of the deep chlorophyll maximum in the Black Sea as depicted by BGC-Argo floats},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {February 2021},
	DOI = {10.5194/bg-18-755-2021},
	PUBLISHER = {European Geosciences Union (EGU)},
	JOURNAL = {Biogeosciences},
	ISSN = {1726-4170},
	VOLUME = {18},
	ABSTRACT = {This paper addresses the phenology of the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) in the Black Sea (BS). We show that the DCM forms in March at a density level set by the winter mixed layer. It maintains this location until June, suggesting an influence of the DCM on light and nutrient profiles rather than mere adaptation to external factors. In summer, the DCM concentrates ~55 % of the chlorophyll in a 10 m layer at ~35 m depth and should be considered a major feature of the BS phytoplankton dynamics.},
	ORGANIZATION = {F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique},
	URL = {http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4381774}
}

@incollection{ORBi-c98c9770-4122-47df-b373-a1234d26e6e5,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Vandenbulcke, Luc and Meulders, Catherine and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/267296},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {3.7 A benthic hypoxia index (BHindex) for assessing the Good Environmental Status of the Black Sea's north-western shelf waters},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2021},
	PUBLISHER = {Taylor & Francis},
	BOOKTITLE = {Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Issue 5}
}

@article{ORBi-05eb07d7-a654-4e42-9f8a-697172fbd3ac,
	AUTHOR = {Friedland, René and Macias, Diego and Cossarini, Gianpiero and Daewel, Ute and Estournel, Claude and Garcia-Gorriz, Elisa and Grizzetti, Bruna and Grégoire, Marilaure and Gustafson, Bo and Kalaroni, Sofia and Kerimoglu, Onur and Lazzari, Paolo and Lenhart, Hermann and Lessin, Gennadi and Maljutenko, Lija and Miladinova, Svetla and Muller-Karullis, Bärbel and Neumann, Thomas and Parn, Ove and Pätsch, Johannes and Piroddi, Chiara and Rausepp, Urmas and Schrum, Corinna and Stegert, Christoph and Stips, Adolf and Tsiaras, Kostas and Ulses, Caroline and Vandenbulcke, Luc},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/258943},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Effects of nutrient Management Scenarios on Marine Eutrophication Indicators: A pan european, Multi-model assessment in support of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2021},
	DOI = {10.3389/fmars.2021.596126},
	PUBLISHER = {Frontiers},
	JOURNAL = {Frontiers in Marine Science}
}

@book{ORBi-f032b70d-0d66-400b-bab2-79db2ca65af1,
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/291844},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Issue 5},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2021},
	DOI = {10.1080/1755876X.2021.1946240},
	PUBLISHER = {Taylor and Francis},
	URL = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1755876X.2021.1946240}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-df1ddead-a906-4730-98ab-f78158aac41f,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Ricour, Florian and d'ortenzio, Fabrizio and Delille, Bruno and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/259637},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Dynamics of the Deep Chlorophyll Maximum in the Black Sea as depicted by BGC-Argo floats},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2021},
	DOI = {10.5194/egusphere-egu21-3191},
	PUBLISHER = {Copernicus},
	BOOKTITLE = {Geophysical Research Abstracts},
	ABSTRACT = {The deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) is a well known feature of the global ocean. However, its description and the study of its formation are a  challenge, especially in the peculiar environment that is the Black Sea. The retrieval of chlorophyll a (Chla) from fluorescence (Fluo) profiles recorded by biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) floats is not trivial in the Black Sea, due to the very high content of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) which contributes to the fluorescence signal and produces an apparent increase of the Chla concentration with depth.
		
		Here, we revised Fluo correction protocols for the Black Sea context using co-located in-situ high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and BGC-Argo measurements. The processed set of Chla data (2014–2019) is then used to provide a systematic description of the seasonal DCM dynamics in the Black Sea and to explore different hypotheses concerning the mechanisms underlying its development.
		
		Our results show that the corrections applied to the Chla profiles are consistent with HPLC data. In the Black Sea, the DCM begins to form in March, throughout the basin, at a density level set by the previous winter mixed layer. During a first phase (April-May), the DCM remains attached to this particular layer. The spatial homogeneity of this feature suggests a hysteresis mechanism, i.e., that the DCM structure locally influences environmental conditions rather than adapting instantaneously to external factors.
		
		In a second phase (July-September), the DCM migrates upward, where there is higher irradiance, which suggests the interplay of biotic factors. Overall, the DCM concentrates around 45 to 65% of the total chlorophyll content within a 10 m layer centered around a depth of 30 to 40 m, which stresses the importance of considering DCM dynamics when evaluating phytoplankton productivity at basin scale.},
	ORGANIZATION = {F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique},
	URL = {https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-3191}
}

@article{ORBi-0a07e408-b687-4c5e-9cba-f1331aeafc14,
	AUTHOR = {Ciliberti, Stefania and Grégoire, Marilaure and Staneva, Joanna and Palazov, Atanas and Coppini, Giovani and Lecci, Rita and Peneva, Elisaveta and Matreata, Marius and Veselka, Marinova and Masina, Simona and Pinardi, Nadia and Jansen, Eric and Lima, Leonardo and Aydogdu, Ali and Creti, Sergio and Stefanizzi, Laura and Azevado, Diana and Vandenbulcke, Luc and Capet, Arthur and Meulders, Catherine and Ivanov, Evgeny and Behrens, Arno and Ricker, Marcel and Gayer, Gerhard and Palermo, Francesco and Ilicak, Mehmet and Gunduz, Murat and Valcheva, Nadezhda and Agostini, Paola},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/267318},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Monitoring and Forecasting the Ocean State and Biogeochemical Processes in the Black Sea: Recent Developments in the Copernicus Marine Service},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2021},
	DOI = {10.3390/jmse9101146},
	PUBLISHER = {MDPI},
	JOURNAL = {Journal of Marine Science and Engineering},
	ISSN = {2077-1312}
}

@book{ORBi-aff222ec-482a-45b9-802c-4fcf8a24de10,
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/258946},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Past Reconstruction of the Physical and Biogeochemical Ocean State},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2021},
	PUBLISHER = {Frontiers},
	URL = {https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/16497/past-reconstruction-of-the-physical-and-biogeochemical-ocean-state#articles}
}

@article{ORBi-753ec038-2e5f-44e0-a2a2-0721280cb9b5,
	AUTHOR = {Ivanov, Evgeny and Capet, Arthur and De Borger, Emil and Degraer, Steven and Delhez, Eric and Soetaert, Karline and Vanaverbeke, Jan and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/268505},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Offshore wind farm footprint on organic and mineral particle flux to the bottom},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2021},
	DOI = {10.3389/fmars.2021.631799},
	PUBLISHER = {Frontiers},
	JOURNAL = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	ABSTRACT = {Offshore windfarms (OWFs) offer part of the solution for the energy transition which is urgently needed to mitigate effects of climate change. Marine life has rapidly exploited the new habitat offered by windfarm structures, resulting in increased opportunities for filter- and suspension feeding organisms. In this study, we investigated the effects of organic matter (OM) deposition in the form of fecal pellets expelled by filtering epifauna in OWFs, on mineralization processes in the sediment. OM deposition fluxes produced in a 3D hydrodynamic model of the Southern Bight of the North Sea were used as input in a model of early diagenesis. Two scenarios of OWF development in the Belgian Part of the North Sea (BPNS) and its surrounding waters were calculated and compared to a no-OWF baseline simulation. The first including constructed OWFs as of 2021, the second containing additional planned OWFs by 2026. Our results show increased total mineralization rates within OWFs (27–30%) in correspondence with increased deposition of reactive organic carbon (OC) encapsulated in the OM. This leads to a buildup of OC in the upper sediment layers (increase by ∼10%) and an increase of anoxic mineralization processes. Similarly, denitrification rates within the OWFs increased, depending on the scenario, by 2–3%. Effects were not limited to the OWF itself: clear changes were noticed in sediments outside of the OWFs, which were mostly opposite to the “within-OWF” effects. This contrast generated relatively small changes when averaging values over the full modeling domain, however, certain changes, such as for example the increased storage of OC in sediments, may be of significant value for national / regional carbon management inventories. Our results add to expectations of ecosystem-wide effects of windfarms in the marine environments, which need to be researched further given the rapid rate of expansion of OWFs.},
	ORGANIZATION = {BELSPO - Politique scientifique fédérale},
	URL = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.631799/full}
}

@article{ORBi-390a5ab7-07df-4cbf-9b95-235286d848d7,
	AUTHOR = {De Borger, Emil and Ivanov, Evgeny and Capet, Arthur and Braeckman, Ulrike and Vanaverbeke, Jan and Grégoire, Marilaure and Soetaert, Karline},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/267317},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Offshore Windfarm Footprint of Sediment Organic Matter Mineralization Processes},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2021},
	DOI = {10.3389/fmars.2021.632243},
	PUBLISHER = {Frontiers},
	JOURNAL = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	ORGANIZATION = {BELSPO - Politique scientifique fédérale}
}

@book{ORBi-a0a02f74-e192-4611-9dc2-ff64536bd596,
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/258945},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Using Ecological Models to Support and Shape Environmental Policy Decisions},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2021},
	PUBLISHER = {Frontiers},
	URL = {https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/13320/using-ecological-models-to-support-and-shape-environmental-policy-decisions}
}

@article{ORBi-870f8cc0-4212-4077-94fc-629d855141cf,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Vandenbulcke, Luc and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/256890},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {A new intermittent regime of convective ventilation threatens the Black Sea oxygenation status},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {December 2020},
	DOI = {10.5194/bg-17-6507-2020},
	PUBLISHER = {European Geosciences Union (EGU)},
	JOURNAL = {Biogeosciences},
	ISSN = {1726-4170},
	VOLUME = {17},
	ABSTRACT = {The Black Sea is entirely anoxic, except for a thin (∼ 100 m) ventilated surface layer. Since 1955, the oxygen content of this upper layer has decreased by 44 %. The reasons hypothesized for this decrease are, first, a period of eutrophication from the mid-1970s to the early 1990s and, second, a reduction in the ventilation processes, suspected for recent years (post-2005). Here, we show that the Black Sea convective ventilation regime has been drastically altered by atmospheric warming during the last decade. Since 2009, the prevailing regime has been below the range of variability recorded since 1955 and has been characterized by consecutive years during which the usual partial renewal of intermediate water has not occurred. Oxygen records from the last decade are used to detail the relationship between cold-water formation events and oxygenation at different density levels, to highlight the role of convective ventilation in the oxygen budget of the intermediate layers and to emphasize the impact that a persistence in the reduced ventilation regime would bear on the oxygenation structure of the Black Sea and on its biogeochemical balance.},
	ORGANIZATION = {F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique},
	URL = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.00129/full}
}

@article{ORBi-f8654e3e-a2e2-4fb1-8fd6-02da05ccc34d,
	AUTHOR = {Ivanov, Evgeny and Capet, Arthur and Barth, Alexander and Delhez, Eric and Soetaert, Karline and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/254685},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Hydrodynamic variability in the Southern Bight of the North Sea in response to typical atmospheric and tidal regimes. Benefit of using a high resolution model},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {19 August 2020},
	DOI = {10.1016/j.ocemod.2020.101682},
	PUBLISHER = {Elsevier},
	JOURNAL = {Ocean Modelling},
	ISSN = {1463-5003},
	VOLUME = {154},
	ABSTRACT = {In this paper, the hydrodynamics of the Southern Bight of the North Sea (SBNS) and in particular, the Belgian Coastal Zone (BCZ) is investigated on daily to seasonal time scales using a high resolution hydrodynamical model. The Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) is implemented over the SBNS with 5 km resolution and downscaled at 1 km resolution over the BCZ in a two-way nesting configuration run over a three years period (i.e. 2006–2008). The benefit of using a high resolution model over the BCZ is assessed through an extensive comparison of model results with data from satellite and in-situ fixed platforms as well as reference products available for the region. The validation exercise and the results analysis are conducted with a particular focus on hydrodynamic features that are expected to impact the sediment transport. We find that despite the validation procedure does not allow to clearly demonstrate better performance of the high resolution model compared to the coarse resolution model in terms of overtidal circulation, sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity (SSS), the high resolution model resolves additional details in the variability of residual circulation and Scheldt salinity plume dynamics. The analysis of the response of the simulated hydrodynamics to atmospheric regimes for neap and spring tide highlights the major role played by the wind direction on the averaged currents and plume extension. The strongest currents and minimum plume extension are obtained under southwestern winds and neap tide while when northeastern winds prevail, the plume extension is at its maximum and the circulation is the weakest. We show that while neap tides allow the establishment of streamlined circulation, the spring tides induce more turbulent circulation which can favor the retention of transported elements. This latter property could not be resolved with the 5 km resolution model.},
	ORGANIZATION = {F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique}
}

@misc{ORBi-7b0cf557-2cb7-4115-a503-6a7fd15cc00b,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Vandenbulcke, Luc and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/256835},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Black Sea cold intermediate layer cold content from in-situ and modelling sources (1955-2019)},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {February 2020},
	DOI = {10.5281/zenodo.1311810},
	NOTE = {Netcdf Files with data from the corresponding publication. All details in the Zenodo link.},
	URL = {https://zenodo.org/record/3691960#.YCfCgVmYWkA}
}

@article{ORBi-f34ab225-f792-491c-b858-e447756d477e,
	AUTHOR = {Garçon, Véronique and Karstensen, Johannes and Palacz, Artur and Telszewski, Maciej and Aparco Lara, Tony and Breitburg, Denise L. and Chavez, Francisco P. and Coelho, Paulo and Cornejo-D’Ottone, Marcela and Santos, Carmen Van Dúnem Neto and Fiedler, Björn and Gallo, Natalya D. and Grégoire, Marilaure and Guiterrez, Dimitri and Hernández-Ayón, Martín and Isensee, Kirsten and Koslow, Tony and Levin, Lisa Ann and Marsac, Francis and Maske, Helmut and Mbaye, Baye Cheikh and Montes, Ivonne and Naqvi, Wajih and Pearlman, Jay and Pinto, Edwin and Picther, Grant C. and Pizarro, O and Rose, Kenneth Alan and Shenoy, Damodar M. and Van der Plas, Anja K. and Vito, Melo R. and Weng, Kevin C.M.},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/241981},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Multidisciplinary Observing in the World Ocean’s Oxygen Minimum Zone regions: from climate to fish- the VOICE initiative},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2020},
	DOI = {10.3389/fmars.2019.00722},
	PUBLISHER = {Frontiers},
	JOURNAL = {Frontiers in Marine Science}
}

@book{ORBi-50b6a337-12cc-43d6-958c-7cb839bcae80,
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/249447},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Ocean deoxygenation: drivers and consequences - past, present and future 2019},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2020},
	PUBLISHER = {Copernicus Publication},
	ORGANIZATION = {he Collaborative Research Centre 754 “Climate-Biogeochemical Interactions in the Tropical Ocean”},
	URL = {https://www.biogeosciences.net/special\_issue1010.html}
}

@book{ORBi-5fe2f3e7-aa6b-4b3f-a7db-b4b4084255a8,
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/258944},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Issue 4},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2020},
	DOI = {10.1080/1755876X.2020.1785097},
	PUBLISHER = {Taylor & Francis},
	SIZE = {172}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-115d13a2-a764-45f6-9867-09b2a9b3065a,
	AUTHOR = {Rassmann, J and Capet, Arthur and Vandenbulcke, Luc and Munhoven, Guy and Borges, Alberto and Rajagopolan, R and Ricour, Florian and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/240786},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Interactions between variations in the depth of the oxycline and carbonate chemistry in the Black Sea},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {07 April 2019},
	LOCATION = {Vienna, Austria}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-d792e4a9-d9f4-4654-9bbf-a45ed82cb836,
	AUTHOR = {Grégoire, Marilaure and Capet, Arthur and Chou, Lei and Fagel, Nathalie and Plante, Audrey and Taeca, Adrian},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/268053},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Upscaling the impact of coastal hypoxia from species to ecosystem function. The case of bioturbation in the Black Sea},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {April 2019}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-7bcf7eac-b947-4d03-ab58-0e08169c50b9,
	AUTHOR = {Ricour, Florian and Capet, Arthur and Delille, Bruno and D’Ortenzio, F. and Moncheva, S. and Poulain, P.-M. and Poteau, A. and Slabakova, V. and Troupin, Charles and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/244536},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {The chlorophyll seasonal dynamics in the Black Sea as inferred from Biogeochemical-Argo floats},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {April 2019},
	LOCATION = {Vienna, Austria},
	ABSTRACT = {Biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) floats offer the opportunity to investigate the spatial and temporal dynamics of chlorophyll a (Chla) profiles. In the Black Sea, the unusual abundance of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and the absence of oxygen below ∼80-100m require a revision of the classic formulation used to link the fluorescence signal and the algal chlorophyll concentration (e.g. Xing et al., 2017). Indeed, the very high content of CDOM in the basin is thought to be responsible for the apparent increase of Chla concentrations at depth, where it should be zero due to the absence of light. Here, the classic formulation to link fluorescence and Chla is revised based on a reference Chla dataset sampled during a scientific cruise onboard RV Akademik and analysed with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Then, using the established equation to remove the contribution of CDOM to the fluorescence signal, we estimated the Chla profiles from 4 BGC-Argo floats during the period 2014-2017. All Chla profiles were thus highly quality controlled by using the Argo documentation (Schmechtig et al., 2015). Especially, we removed bad data (e.g. spikes, outliers) and we corrected the Non-Photochemical Quenching effect, a photoprotective mechanism resulting in a decrease in the fluorescence signal at the surface.
		The Chla profiles are categorized based on fitting algorithms (e.g. sigmoid, exponential, gaussian) and empirical criteria. They display a large variety of shapes across the seasons (e.g. homogeneity in the mixed layer, subsurface maximum, double peaks below the surface, etc.) with roughly homogeneous profiles dominating between November and February while subsurface maxima are present during the rest of the year, with in summer a clearly-marked deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM).
		We then investigate the formation mechanism of DCMs based on the hysteresis hypothesis for the temperate ocean proposed by Navarro et al., (2013). For this, we looked at the correlation between the position of DCMs and the potential density anomaly of the mixed layer when it is maximum in winter, usually between February and March. We show that DCMs are highly correlated with the potential density anomaly of the previous winter mixed layer where a winter bloom initiated while the correlation with the 10% and 1% light levels is poor. This is in agreement with the hysteresis hypothesis that assumes that in regions where a bloom forms in late winter/early spring, this bloom remains established at a fixed density (i.e. the density of the mixed layer when it is maximum) until the end of summer acting as a barrier for the diffusion of nutrients from below and preventing the occurrence of deeper blooms due to a shading effect. This bloom is finally progressively eroded in autumn, when the depth of the mixed layer increases again.},
	ORGANIZATION = {F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique}
}

@incollection{ORBi-f0c7bb44-440b-4877-afd5-5fe7eced4498,
	AUTHOR = {Garçon, Véronique and Grégoire, Marilaure and Isensee, Kirsten and Karstensen, Johannes},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/232560},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Oxygen},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {March 2019},
	DOI = {10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.10898-X},
	PUBLISHER = {Elsevier},
	BOOKTITLE = {Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences 3rd Edition},
	URL = {https://www.elsevier.com/books/encyclopedia-of-ocean-sciences/cochran/978-0-12-813081-0?start\_rank=1&sortby=sortByDateDesc&imprintname=Academic%20Press}
}

@book{ORBi-977ac936-1d44-4a30-9a4d-610f9fe769da,
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/291839},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Issue 3},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2019},
	PUBLISHER = {Taylor and Francis},
	URL = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1755876X.2019.1633075}
}

@book{ORBi-78a93105-4143-4b32-96ed-500fa7a224a4,
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/249448},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {The Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS): scientific advances},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2019},
	PUBLISHER = {Copernicus Publication},
	EDITION = {Ocean Science},
	URL = {https://os.copernicus.org/articles/special\_issue962.html}
}

@incollection{ORBi-2df22534-6fbc-44f0-8bf0-379704543490,
	AUTHOR = {Grégoire, Marilaure and Gilbert, Denis and Oschlies, Andreas and Rose, Kenneth},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/232561},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {What is ocean deoxygenation?},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2019},
	PUBLISHER = {International Union for Nature Conservation},
	BOOKTITLE = {Ocean deoxygenation: everyone’s problem. Causes, impacts, consequences and solutions},
	ORGANIZATION = {IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature},
	URL = {https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2019-048-En.pdf}
}

@article{ORBi-2f8a327a-0d27-437a-afec-02da3cbceb6e,
	AUTHOR = {Le Traon, P. Y. and Reppucci, A. and Fanjul, E. A. and Aouf, L. and Behrens, A. and Belmonte, M. and Bentamy, A. and Bertino, L. and Brando, V. E. and Kreiner, M. B. and Benkiran, M. and Carval, T. and Ciliberti, S. A. and Claustre, H. and Clementi, E. and Coppini, G. and Cossarini, G. and De Alfonso Alonso-Muñoyerro, M. and Delamarche, A. and Dibarboure, G. and Dinessen, F. and Drevillon, M. and Drillet, Y. and Faugere, Y. and Fernández, V. and Fleming, A. and Garcia-Hermosa, M. I. and Sotillo, Marcos Garcia and Garric, G. and Gasparin, F. and Giordan, C. and Gehlen, M. and Grégoire, Marilaure and Guinehut, S. and Hamon, Martin and Harris, C. and Hernandez, F. and Hinkler, J. B. and Hoyer, J. and Karvonen, J. and Kay, S. and King, R. and Lavergne, T. and Lemieux-Dudon, B. and Lima, L. and Mao, C. and Martin, M. J. and Masina, S. and Melet, A. and Nardelli, B. B. and Nolan, G. and Pascual, Ananda and Pistoia, J. and Palazov, A. and Piolle, J. F. and Pujol, M. I. and Pequignet, A. C. and Peneva, E. and Gómez, B. P. and de la Villeon, L. P. and Pinardi, N. and Pisano, A. and Pouliquen, S. and Reid, R. and Remy, E. and Santoleri, R. and Siddorn, J. and She, J. and Staneva, J. and Stoffelen, A. and Tonani, M. and Vandenbulcke, Luc and von Schuckmann, K. and Volpe, G. and Wettre, C. and Zacharioudaki, A.},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/241052},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {From observation to information and users: The Copernicus Marine Service Perspective},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2019},
	DOI = {10.3389/fmars.2019.00234},
	PUBLISHER = {Frontiers},
	JOURNAL = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	VOLUME = {6},
	NUMBER = {May},
	ABSTRACT = {The Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) provides regular and systematic reference information on the physical and biogeochemical ocean and sea-ice state for the global ocean and the European regional seas. CMEMS serves a wide range of users (more than 15,000 users are now registered to the service) and applications. Observations are a fundamental pillar of the CMEMS value-added chain that goes from observation to information and users. Observations are used by CMEMS Thematic Assembly Centres (TACs) to derive high-level data products and by CMEMS Monitoring and Forecasting Centres (MFCs) to validate and constrain their global and regional ocean analysis and forecasting systems. This paper presents an overview of CMEMS, its evolution, and how the value of in situ and satellite observations is increased through the generation of high-level products ready to be used by downstream applications and services. The complementary nature of satellite and in situ observations is highlighted. Long-term perspectives for the development of CMEMS are described and implications for the evolution of the in situ and satellite observing systems are outlined. Results from Observing System Evaluations (OSEs) and Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) illustrate the high dependencies of CMEMS systems on observations. Finally future CMEMS requirements for both satellite and in situ observations are detailed. © 2019 Le Traon, Reppucci, Alvarez Fanjul, Aouf, Behrens, Belmonte, Bentamy, Bertino, Brando, Kreiner, Benkiran, Carval, Ciliberti, Claustre, Clementi, Coppini, Cossarini, De Alfonso Alonso-Muñoyerro, Delamarche, Dibarboure, Dinessen, Drevillon, Drillet, Faugere, Fernández, Fleming, Garcia-Hermosa, Sotillo, Garric, Gasparin, Giordan, Gehlen, Gregoire, Guinehut, Hamon, Harris, Hernandez, Hinkler, Hoyer, Karvonen, Kay, King, Lavergne, Lemieux-Dudon, Lima, Mao, Martin, Masina, Melet, Buongiorno Nardelli, Nolan, Pascual, Pistoia, Palazov, Piolle, Pujol, Pequignet, Peneva, Pérez Gómez, Petit de la Villeon, Pinardi, Pisano, Pouliquen, Reid, Remy, Santoleri, Siddorn, She, Staneva, Stoffelen, Tonani, Vandenbulcke, von Schuckmann, Volpe, Wettre and Zacharioudaki.},
	ORGANIZATION = {CE - Commission Européenne}
}

@misc{ORBi-1d75867c-645a-4881-918a-465405a38e7c,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Grégoire, Marilaure and Soetaert, Karline},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/256966},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Diagenetic Modelling},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2019},
	NOTE = {Attached document provides the theory slides. Associated exercices (in R) can be found with the URL (github).},
	URL = {https://github.com/acapet/DiageneticModelling}
}

@article{ORBi-4e87c54c-a87b-4714-baf1-6ddea40fd7b0,
	AUTHOR = {Fennel, K. and Gehlen, M. and Brasseur, P. and Brown, C. W. and Ciavatta, S. and Cossarini, G. and Crise, A. and Edwards, Christopher A. and Ford, D. and Friedrichs, M. A. M. and Grégoire, Marilaure and Jones, E. and Kim, H.-C. and Lamouroux, J. and Murtugudde, R. and Perruche, C.},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/241050},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Advancing marine biogeochemical and ecosystem reanalyses and forecasts as tools for monitoring and managing ecosystem health},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2019},
	DOI = {10.3389/fmars.2019.00089},
	PUBLISHER = {Frontiers},
	JOURNAL = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	VOLUME = {6},
	NUMBER = {MAR},
	ABSTRACT = {Ocean ecosystems are subject to a multitude of stressors, including changes in ocean physics and biogeochemistry, and direct anthropogenic influences. Implementation of protective and adaptive measures for ocean ecosystems requires a combination of ocean observations with analysis and prediction tools. These can guide assessments of the current state of ocean ecosystems, elucidate ongoing trends and shifts, and anticipate impacts of climate change and management policies. Analysis and prediction tools are defined here as ocean circulation models that are coupled to biogeochemical or ecological models. The range of potential applications for these systems is broad, ranging from reanalyses for the assessment of past and current states, and short-term and seasonal forecasts, to scenario simulations including climate change projections. The objectives of this article are to illustrate current capabilities with regard to the three types of applications, and to discuss the challenges and opportunities. Representative examples of global and regional systems are described with particular emphasis on those in operational or pre-operational use. With regard to the benefits and challenges, similar considerations apply to biogeochemical and ecological prediction systems as do to physical systems. However, at present there are at least two major differences: (1) biogeochemical observation streams are much sparser than physical streams presenting a significant hinderance, and (2) biogeochemical and ecological models are largely unconstrained because of insufficient observations. Expansion of biogeochemical and ecological observation systems will allow for significant advances in the development and application of analysis and prediction tools for ocean biogeochemistry and ecosystems, with multiple societal benefits. © 2019 Fennel, Gehlen, Brasseur, Brown, Ciavatta, Cossarini, Crise, Edwards, Ford, Friedrichs, Gregoire, Jones, Kim, Lamouroux, Murtugudde, Perruche and the GODAE OceanView Marine Ecosystem Analysis and Prediction Task Team.}
}

@misc{ORBi-4a6a0c11-069d-4448-b35f-ed4a3f7292bb,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Grégoire, Marilaure and Soetaert, Karline},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/256968},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Introduction to ecological modelling},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2019},
	SCHOOL = {ULiège - Université de Liège},
	NOTE = {Attached document provides the theory. Associated exercices (in R) are open to access via the URL link (Github).},
	URL = {https://github.com/acapet/Intro-to-Numerical-Modelling}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-1d70fec8-8bd5-416d-a033-14cd6f8c0513,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Plante, Audrey and Chou, Lei and Fagel, Nathalie and Taeca, Adrian and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/258062},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Upscaling macro-benthic activity from local diagenesis to biogeochemical cycles},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2019},
	LOCATION = {Vienna, Austria},
	ORGANIZATION = {F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique}
}

@article{ORBi-c6dbf230-d163-41ca-90f4-71b5d5247275,
	AUTHOR = {Palazov, Atanas and Ciliberti, S and Peneva, E and Grégoire, Marilaure and Staneva, Joanna and Lemieux Dudon, B and Pinardi, N and Vandenbulcke, Luc and Behrens, A and Lima, L and Coppini, G and Marinova, V and Slabakova, V and Lecci, R and Creti, S and Palermo, F and Stefanizzi, L and Valcheva, N and Agostini, P},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/241053},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Black Sea observing System},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2019},
	DOI = {10.3389/fmars.2019.00315},
	PUBLISHER = {Frontiers},
	JOURNAL = {Frontiers in Marine Science}
}

@incollection{ORBi-9ec4a047-b98a-4b1a-8250-a71212f509a1,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Vandenbulcke, Luc and Veselka, Marinova and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/232410},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {3.6 Decline of the Black Sea oxygen inventory.},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {November 2018},
	DOI = {10.1080/1755876X.2018.1489208},
	PUBLISHER = {Taylor & Francis},
	BOOKTITLE = {Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Issue 2},
	ORGANIZATION = {F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-024cb924-f255-4b3e-a471-7f88a3066668,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Pena, Fatima and Plante, Audrey and Teca, Adrian and Chou, Lei and Fagel, Nathalie and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/256814},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Upscaling the impact of coastal hypoxia from species to ecosystem function. Bioturbation on the Black Sea Shelf.},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {October 2018},
	SIZE = {Arthur Capet}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-1572e0ae-7779-4b8e-8995-bbf53d672f5e,
	AUTHOR = {Grégoire, Marilaure and Anrade-Pena, Fatima and Capet, Arthur and Chou, Lei and Fagel, Nathalie and Plante, Audrey and Taeaca, Adrian},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/268051},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Upscaling the impact of coastal hypoxia from species to ecosystem functions. The case of bioturbation in the Black Sea},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {September 2018}
}

@article{ORBi-91819954-56ed-412d-9db1-6d3732c4251d,
	AUTHOR = {Breitburg, Denise and Grégoire, Marilaure and Isensee, Kirsten and GO2NE, working group},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/232585},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Global Ocean Oxygen Network 2018. The ocean is losing its breath: Declining oxygen in the world’s ocean and coastal waters.},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {June 2018},
	PUBLISHER = {Unesco printshop,},
	JOURNAL = {IOC-UNESCO, IOC Technical Series,},
	VOLUME = {137}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-b5d25a43-4a11-4f6d-a538-ff1addba8143,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Vandenbulcke, Luc and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/231761},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Evolution of the Black Sea ventilation regime during the last warming decades},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {29 May 2018},
	LOCATION = {Liège, Belgium},
	ORGANIZATION = {F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-96ec0fae-8c82-4ecf-9eb8-ea922642b430,
	AUTHOR = {Ivanov, Evgeny and Capet, Arthur and Barth, Alexander and Delhez, Eric and Soetaert, Karline and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/224370},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Modelling the hydrodynamics of the Southern Bight of the North Sea: Skills assessment of different configurations (i.e. nesting) in the perspective of coupling with sediment transport},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {May 2018},
	SIZE = {A0},
	LOCATION = {University of Liège, Place du XX Août, 7 4000 Liège Belgium, Belgium},
	ABSTRACT = {The impact of offshore wind farm installation and dredging activities on the spatial distribution and dynamics of sediment grain size, biogeochemistry and biodiversity will be estimated in the Southern Bight of the North Sea (SBNS) with a focus on the Belgian Coastal Zone (BCZ) in the frame of the FaCE-It research project (Functional biodiversity in a Changing sedimentary Environment: Implications for biogeochemistry and food webs in a managerial setting). 
		The three-dimensional hydrodynamical model ROMS-COAWST was implemented for simulation of the complex hydrodynamics of SBNS and sediment transport. The first level of nesting with the resolution of 1 km was used in the area of Belgian Economical Zone. In order to reach a fine resolution of 250 m in the BCZ, the second level of nesting will be used. Six-hourly ECMWF ERA-interim meteorological data was used to force the model at the sea-air boundary and the coarse resolution model results available from Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service  were used to force the model at the open boundaries. Tides and rivers were also considered.
		Next types of long-run simulations have been conducted: a 10-years climatological simulation and an interannual simulation over 2004-2013 in order to investigate the interannual dynamics. The model accuracy was evaluated through validation of its outputs against observed salinity, temperature and currents data (remote sensing and in-situ). 
		Results validation of currents and temperature and salinity horizontal fields and vertical profiles against available satellite fields and in-situ data, i.e. from the project field campaign, is conducted and discussed. Application of the nested grid and its benefits for results accuracy is also presented.},
	ORGANIZATION = {BELSPO - Service Public Fédéral de Programmation Politique scientifique}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-9b5ddcea-0b09-447e-8016-d6594e59e1bd,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Vandenbulcke, Luc and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/256762},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Decline of the Black Sea Oxygen Inventory : Foreseeing future evolution and consequences},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {May 2018},
	LOCATION = {Bergen, Norway},
	ORGANIZATION = {COST Action ES1402}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-69ca3b5a-0df5-4866-aedb-c6ee7708c16f,
	AUTHOR = {Ivanov, Evgeny and Capet, Arthur and Barth, Alexander and Delhez, Eric and Soetaert, Karline and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/224374},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Hydrodynamic and sediment transport modelling  in the North Sea. Assessment of wind farms impact},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {26 April 2018},
	LOCATION = {Liege, Belgium}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-1f539a70-cd99-400a-afd9-41d74d17ad5a,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Vandenbulcke, Luc and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/231764},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Global Warming altered the Black Sea ventilation regime},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {April 2018},
	LOCATION = {Vienna, Austria},
	ORGANIZATION = {F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-21d4a0ad-a753-42d1-9782-9f34af9294f0,
	AUTHOR = {Plante, Audrey and Roevros and Capet, Arthur and Grégoire, Marilaure and Fagel, Nathalie and Chou, Lei},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/256738},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Black Sea north-western shelf hypoxia: a study based on diagenetic processes and sedimentary proxies},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {April 2018},
	LOCATION = {Vienna, Austria},
	ORGANIZATION = {F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-f2b5ec04-00fd-4bf2-9d16-876c7f500aa8,
	AUTHOR = {Ivanov, Evgeny and Capet, Arthur and Barth, Alexander and Delhez, Eric and Soetaert, Karline and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/224372},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Application of two way nesting model to upscale sediment processes of the Southern Bight of the North Sea: full model validation},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {March 2018},
	SIZE = {A0},
	LOCATION = {Bredene, Belgium},
	ABSTRACT = {The BRAIN project FaCE-iT (Functional biodiversity in a Changing sedimentary Environment: Implications for biogeochemistry and food webs in a managerial setting) funded by BELSPO aims at evaluating the influence of offshore wind farms settlements and dredging activities on the distribution of  sediment grain size over the Southern Bight of the North Sea (SBNS) and  the Belgian Coastal Zone (BCZ), as well as associated impacts on biodiversity and biogeochemistry.In this framework an implementation of the tri-dimensional hydrodynamical and sediment transport model ROMS-COAWST was set-up to conduct scenario experiment relating offshore activities to resulting alteration of the seafloor structure.
		
		This implementation combines high resolution nested grids covering the Belgian Coastal Zone, embedded into a coarser  grid covering the Southern Bight of the North Sea and is forced by ECMWF ERA-Interim data at the air-sea interface, CMEMS data at the open boundaries, TPXO data to introduce/force the tidal impact, and consider the discharge of  four main rivers.
		
		Currently, the work focuses on assessing the skills of this modelling system to resolve the dynamics of the complex shallow and highly tidal region. The 3-year climatological run for 2006-2009 was performed to test the model ability to simulate the interannual dynamics. The model skills were evaluated by validation against  remote-sensing temperature fields, tidal elevations and currents at the Meetnet  pylons, and in situ temperature and salinity data provided by the Lifewatch network. We evaluate how grid refinement and different set-up of the nesting strategy enhance essential model skills in relation with sediment transport
		
		The further step will be to confront the sediment transport dynamics stemming from the nested system to that resolved from the coarser parent alone.  A diagenetic model developed in the frame of FaCE-iT will be joint with the sediment model in order to upscale locally derived alteration of the  biogeochemistry and benthic functionality stemming from seafloor texture alteration.},
	ORGANIZATION = {BELSPO - Service Public Fédéral de Programmation Politique scientifique}
}

@article{ORBi-a7f3886d-9ca4-49c1-9752-999b0eb72e05,
	AUTHOR = {Breitburg, Denise and Levin, Lisa and Oschlies, Andreas and Grégoire, Marilaure and GO2NE network},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/219832},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Declining oxygen in the global ocean and coastal waters},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {04 January 2018},
	DOI = {10.1126/science.aam7240},
	PUBLISHER = {American Association for the Advancement of Science},
	JOURNAL = {Science},
	ISSN = {0036-8075},
	VOLUME = {359},
	NUMBER = {46},
	ORGANIZATION = {F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-70333555-d0fc-44ca-b4cb-739303c177c1,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Vandenbulcke, Luc and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/231784},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Evolution of the Black Sea ventilation regime during the last decades},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2018},
	BOOKTITLE = {Ocean Deoxygenation : Drivers and Consequences, Past, Present, Future, Kiel, Sept 2018},
	LOCATION = {KIEL, Germany},
	ORGANIZATION = {F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique}
}

@book{ORBi-70e618c4-a42e-4842-bf70-34b291178702,
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/232562},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {The Ocean is lossing its breath: declining oxygen in the global and coastal ocean},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2018},
	PUBLISHER = {IOC-Unesco},
	SIZE = {40 p. p.},
	SERIES = {IOC-UNESCO, IOC Technical Series, No. 137 40pp.}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-e8b0656b-9cfc-456f-84c5-a5cb1c46d3a4,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Ivanov, Evgeny and Vandenbulcke, Luc and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/218659},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {ULiège North Sea activity and strategy towards biogeochemial data assimilation},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {November 2017},
	LOCATION = {London, United Kingdom}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-4b4e7745-18c8-465e-8709-75f1b88c128b,
	AUTHOR = {Ivanov, Evgeny and Capet, Arthur and Barth, Alexander and Delhez, Eric and Soetaert, Karline and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/211854},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Three-dimensional modelling of the hydrodynamics of the Southern Bight of the North Sea: first results},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {28 April 2017},
	SIZE = {A0},
	LOCATION = {Vienna, Austria},
	ABSTRACT = {In the frame of the Belgian research project FaCE-It (Functional biodiversity in a Changing sedimentary Environment: Implications for biogeochemistry and food webs in a managerial setting), the impact of dredging activities andoffshorewindfarminstallationonthespatialdistributionofsedimentgrainsize,biodiversityandbiogeochemistry will be estimated in the Southern Bight of the North Sea (SBNS) with a focus on the Belgian Coastal Zone (BCZ). To reach this goal, the three-dimensional hydrodynamical model ROMS-COAWST is implemented in the SBNS in order to simulate the complex hydrodynamics and sediment transport. Two levels of nesting are used to reach a resolutionof250mintheBCZ.Themodelisforcedattheair-seainterfacebythe6-hourlyECMWFERA-interim atmospheric dataset and at the open boundaries by the coarse resolution model results available from CMEMS (Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service), and also considers tides and 4 main rivers (Scheldt, Rhine with Maas, Thames and Seine). Two types of simulations have been performed: a 10-years climatological simulation and a simulation over 20032013toinvestigatetheinterannualdynamics.Themodelskillsareevaluatedbycomparingitsoutputstohistorical data (e.g. salinity, temperature and currents) from remote sensing and in-situ. The sediment transport module will then be implemented and its outputs compared to historical and newly collected (in the frame of FaCE-iT) observations on grain size distribution as well as with satellite Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) images. This will allow assessing the impact of substrate modification due to offshore human activities at local and regional scales.}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-6d0718a4-7bde-4218-b23e-2ebe24553a0a,
	AUTHOR = {Plante, Audrey and Roevros, Nathalie and Capet, Arthur and Grégoire, Marilaure and Fagel, Nathalie and Chou, Lei},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/212452},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Benthic hypoxia and early diagenesis in the Black Sea shelf sediments},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {April 2017},
	LOCATION = {Vienna, Austria},
	ABSTRACT = {Marine waters of semi-enclosed seas are affected by a major environmental issue which is oxygen depletion in bottom
		waters. Deoxygenation is one of the most widespread man-induced consequences which can be catastrophic
		for living species. Between 1970 and 1990, the benthic compartment of the Black Sea underwent modifications due
		to the occurrence and increase of hypoxia. Indeed, these changes might cause a deterioration of the structure and
		functioning of the ecosystems. Nowadays, some regions, such as the north-western shelf, are still affected seasonally
		by this phenomenon.Within the framework of the BENTHOX project, a biogeochemical study focusing on the
		early diagenesis is conducted in the Black Sea. It aims (1) to obtain a better understanding of the impact of benthic
		hypoxia on the diagenetic pathways, (2) to contribute to a new dataset of biogeochemical measurements in the
		sediments including porewaters. During a cruise (Emblas II – May 2016), on board the RV Mare Nigrum, sediment
		cores were taken at 4 stations on the Ukrainian shelf. Porewaters were extracted on board the ship using Rhizon
		technique under N2 atmosphere and will be analyzed for dissolved nutrients and major ions. In addition, sediments
		were sliced and will be determined for major solid phases and trace element contents. A multi-proxies (biological,
		sedimentological, mineralogical and geochemical) approach will be used to identify the hypoxic events and to
		reconstruct the history of bottom hypoxia. The results obtained will be presented and discussed with emphasis on
		the first outcomes and the major biogeochemical processes involved in the early diagenesis.}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-29b1f47f-9a3b-4d54-8281-0fed745acebe,
	AUTHOR = {Ivanov, Evgeny and Capet, Arthur and Barth, Alexander and Delhez, Eric and Soetaert, Karline and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/211851},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Three-dimensional modelling of the Southern Bight of the North Sea: first results and perspectives},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {03 March 2017},
	SIZE = {A0},
	LOCATION = {Brugge, Belgium},
	ABSTRACT = {The impact of offshore wind farm installation and dredging activities on the spatial distribution and dynamics of sediment grain size, biogeochemistry and biodiversity will be estimated in the Southern Bight of the North Sea (SBNS) with a focus on the Belgian Coastal Zone (BCZ) in the frame of the FaCE-It research project (Functional biodiversity in a Changing sedimentary Environment: Implications for biogeochemistry and food webs in a managerial setting). 
		The three-dimensional hydrodynamical model ROMS-COAWST was implemented for simulation of the complex hydrodynamics of SBNS and sediment transport. The first level of nesting with the resolution of 1 km was used in the area of Belgian Economical Zone. In order to reach a fine resolution of 250 m in the BCZ, the second level of nesting will be used. Six-hourly ECMWF ERA-interim meteorological data was used to force the model at the sea-air boundary and the coarse resolution model results available from Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service  were used to force the model at the open boundaries. Tides and rivers were also considered.
		Next types of long-run simulations have been conducted: a 10-years climatological simulation and an interannual simulation over 2004-2013 in order to investigate the interannual dynamics. The model accuracy was evaluated through validation of its outputs against observed salinity, temperature and currents data (remote sensing and in-situ). 
		Results validation of currents and temperature and salinity horizontal fields and vertical profiles against available satellite fields and in-situ data, i.e. from the project field campaign, is conducted and discussed. Application of the nested grid and its benefits for results accuracy is also presented.}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-0c2b73bb-85ce-4a02-8168-02f83895f61b,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Mason, Evan and Pascual, Ananda and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/218669},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Contribution of mesoscale eddies to Black Sea ventilation},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2017},
	LOCATION = {Vienna, Austria},
	ABSTRACT = {The shoaling of the Black Sea oxycline is one of the most urgent environmental issues in the Black Sea. The permanent oxycline derives directly from the Black Sea permanent stratification and has shoaled alarmingly in the last decades, due to a shifting balance between oxygen consumption and ventilation processes (Capet et al. 2016). The understanding of this balance is thus of the utmost importance and requires to quantify  1) the export of nutrients and organic materials from the shelf regions to the open sea and  2) the ventilation processes. These two rocesses being influenced by mesoscale features, it is critical to understand the role of the semi-permanent mesoscale structures in horizontal (center/periphery) and vertical (diapycnal and isopycnal) exchanges. A useful insight can be obtained by merging observations from satellite altimeter and in situ profilers (ARGO). In such composite analyses, eddies are first automatically identified and tracked from altimeter data (Mason et al. 2014, py-eddy-tracker). Vertical ARGO profiles are then expressed in terms of their position relative to eddy centers and radii. Derived statistics indicate how consistently mesoscale eddies alter the vertical structure, and provide a deeper understanding of the associated horizontal and vertical fluxes. However, this data-based approach is limited in the Black Sea due to the lower quality of gridded altimetric products in the vicinity of the coast, where semi-permanent mesoscale structures prevail. To complement the  difficult analysis of this sparse dataset, a compositing methodology. is also applied to model outputs from the 5km GHER-BHAMBI Black Sea implementation (CMEMS BS-MFC). Characteristic biogeochemical anomalies associated with eddies in the model are analyzed per se, and compared to the observation-based analysis. Capet, A., Stanev, E. V., Beckers, J.-M., Murray, J. W., and Grégoire, M.: Decline of the Black Sea oxygen inventory, Biogeosciences, 13, 1287-1297, doi:10.5194/bg-13-1287-2016, 2016. Mason, Evan, Ananda Pascual, and James C. McWilliams. "A new sea surface height–based code for oceanic mesoscale eddy tracking." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 31.5 (2014): 1181-1188.}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-53f2b205-834f-4064-a8d1-12b86f20bdba,
	AUTHOR = {Ivanov, Evgeny and Capet, Arthur and Barth, Alexander and Delhez, Eric and Soetaert, Karline and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/211838},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Developing a hydrodynamical model of the Southern Bight of the North Sea for impact studies},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {08 November 2016},
	SIZE = {A0},
	LOCATION = {Ostend, Belgium},
	ABSTRACT = {In the frame of the Brain FaCE-It project (Functional biodiversity in a Changing sedimentary Environment: Implications for biogeochemistry and food webs in a managerial setting), the impact of fining and hardening resulting from dredging and wind farms installation on the sediment grain size distribution has to be assessed at the scale of the Southern Bight of the North Sea (SBNS) with a particular focus on the Belgian Coastal Zone (BCZ).  With this aim, the ROMS-COAWST tri-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic model is implemented to simulate the hydrodynamics in the SBNS. At its open boundaries with the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, the model is forced with the results of a coarse resolution model available from Mercator. A high resolution of 250 m is used in the area of the BCZ where the accuracy of model predictions needs to be refined. Model  currents, tides, temperature and salinity fields will be described and first validation exercises with satellite and local data will be presented and discussed in regards with the objectives of FaCE-It. In a next step, the model will be coupled with a sediment transport in order to describe the dynamics of suspended particulate materials (SPM) and the distribution of the seafloor sediment grain size. When finalized the hydrodynamic model will be coupled with a diagenetic model and will provide environmental conditions for scaling up local foodweb studies that are performed in the frame of FaCE-iT. The final aim is to assess the impact of substrate modifications due to aggregate extraction and wind farms on the biogeochemistry, benthic functionality and food webs at local (around the wind farm) and regional scales (SBNS).}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-19db50f0-a14f-4d2a-99e7-e7f35905089d,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Mason, Evan and Troupin, Charles and Vandenbulcke, Luc and Pascual, Ananda and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/202223},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Potential for Composite Analysis in the Black Sea},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {October 2016},
	LOCATION = {Constanta, Romania}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-2939bcca-6ca5-4227-b5ab-de4a691a71d0,
	AUTHOR = {Alvera Azcarate, Aida and Vandenbulcke, Luc and Barth, Alexander and Capet, Arthur and Grégoire, Marilaure and Beckers, Jean-Marie},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/205229},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {DINEOF analyses of Sea Surface Temperature data in the Black Sea},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {29 September 2016},
	LOCATION = {Constanta, Romania}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-e6962dd1-d3f8-450d-b0b6-7e250035bce9,
	AUTHOR = {Vandenbulcke, Luc and Capet, Arthur and Ivanov, Evgeny and Alvera Azcarate, Aida and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/207267},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Operational forecasting of the Black sea: merging model simulations and satellite products},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {29 September 2016},
	LOCATION = {Constanta, Romania}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-3aef5ff9-f74f-42f8-a1ce-ecc2bdc099a4,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Stanev, Emil and Beckers, Jean-Marie and Murray, James and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/218664},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Decline of the Black Sea Oxygen Inventory},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {September 2016},
	LOCATION = {London, United Kingdom},
	ORGANIZATION = {Marie-Curie Actions}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-4b020c9e-9718-4dba-aa92-4f665d045e50,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/218656},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Modelling hypoxia and its impact on marine Good Environmental Status : The Black Sea case},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {June 2016},
	LOCATION = {Bologna, Italy}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-49ed1b61-bd1b-456d-8f01-27be0ad8de2c,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Stanev, Emil and Beckers, Jean-Marie and Murray, James and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/218690},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {The two faces of Black Sea deoxygenation},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {February 2016},
	LOCATION = {New Orleans, United States}
}

@article{ORBi-f3ffdae4-921d-4dba-984e-20d24bcc594a,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Meysman, Filip and Akoumianaki, Ioanna and Soetaert, Karline and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/197158},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Integrating sediment biogeochemistry into 3D oceanic models: A study of benthic-pelagic coupling in the Black Sea},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2016},
	DOI = {10.1016/j.ocemod.2016.03.006},
	PUBLISHER = {Elsevier Science},
	JOURNAL = {Ocean Modelling},
	ISSN = {1463-5003},
	VOLUME = {101},
	ABSTRACT = {Three-dimensional (3D) ecosystem models of shelf environments should properly account for the biogeochemical cycling within the sea floor. However, a full and explicit representation of sediment biogeochemistry into 3D ocean models is computationally demanding. Here, we describe a simplified approach to include benthic processes in 3D ocean models, which includes a parameterization of the different pathways for organic matter mineralization and allows for organic matter remobilization by bottom currents and waves. This efficient approach enables decadal simulations that resolve the inertial contribution of the sea floor to the biogeochemical cycling in shelf environments. The model was implemented to analyze the benthic-pelagic coupling in the northwestern shelf of the Black Sea. Three distinct biogeochemical provinces were identified on the basis of fluxes and rates associated with benthic-pelagic coupling. Our model simulations suitably capture the seasonal variability of in situ flux data as well as their regional variation, which stresses the importance of incorporating temporally varying sediment biogeochemistry and resuspension/redeposition cycles in shelf ecosystem models.},
	ORGANIZATION = {DG RDT - Commission Européenne. Direction Générale de la Recherche et de l'Innovation},
	URL = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S146350031630004X}
}

@article{ORBi-124a2d46-404f-4e08-9a07-f65917456d45,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Stanev, Emil and Beckers, Jean-Marie and Murray, Jim and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/196738},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Decline of the Black Sea oxygen inventory},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2016},
	DOI = {10.5194/bg-13-1287-2016},
	PUBLISHER = {European Geosciences Union},
	JOURNAL = {Biogeosciences},
	ISSN = {1726-4170},
	VOLUME = {13},
	ORGANIZATION = {DG ENV - Commission Européenne. Direction Générale de l'Environnement},
	URL = {http://reflexions.ulg.ac.be/en/OxygenBlackSea}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-f0bde9dd-8af4-42ca-84a0-6151a8d7ce1f,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/219521},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Benthox Kick-Off Meeting},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {November 2015},
	ORGANIZATION = {F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique}
}

@incollection{ORBi-af48be16-21be-4804-b95d-785e12da6a15,
	AUTHOR = {Newton, Alice and Borja, Angel and Solidoro, Cosimo and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/189342},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Implementing the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive: Scientific challenges and opportunities},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {October 2015},
	DOI = {10.1016/j.csr.2015.09.016},
	PUBLISHER = {Elsevier},
	BOOKTITLE = {Continental Shelf Research}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-a60da441-50eb-4d16-9b03-3232d339eee5,
	AUTHOR = {Vandenbulcke, Luc and Capet, Arthur and Grégoire, Marilaure and Barth, Alexander},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/181649},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {The seamod.ro operational stochasting Black Sea forecasting system},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {08 May 2015},
	SIZE = {A0},
	LOCATION = {Liège, Belgium}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-403604d4-5cdc-4572-a322-04f314332db8,
	AUTHOR = {Vandenbulcke, Luc and Barth, Alexander and Capet, Arthur and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/182937},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {The seamod.ro operational stochasting forecasting system of the Black Sea},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {15 April 2015},
	SIZE = {A0},
	LOCATION = {Vienne, Austria}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-037f974f-efd4-4478-a638-bb0de8b7b571,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and stanev, Emil and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/181659},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Decrease of the Black Sea Oxygen Inventory through the second half of the XXth century},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {April 2015},
	LOCATION = {Vienne, Austria}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-fa227cf0-80fb-49b1-beb3-a9f8947ef88b,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Meysman, Filip and Soetaert, Karline and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/219523},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {The role of sediment resuspension in biogeochemical cycling across continental shelves},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {February 2015},
	LOCATION = {Trieste, Italy},
	ORGANIZATION = {Union Européenne}
}

@book{ORBi-8eadd957-8914-4ae1-9442-086835d6a28b,
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/175286},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {The variability of primary production in the ocean: from the synoptic to the global scale: The 45th International Liege Colloquium on Ocean Dynamics, Liege, Belgium, May 13-17, 2013},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {February 2015},
	PUBLISHER = {Journal of Marine System, Elsevier Science},
	ABSTRACT = {The 45th International Liege Colloquium on Ocean Dynamics (http://modb.oce.ulg.ac.be/colloquium/) gathered two hundreds scientists from around the world to discuss new insights related to the evaluation of primary production at various spatial and temporal scales and in different regions of the world ocean (e.g. the polar and sea-ice region, the coastal and the deep ocean).  Over the past two decades, substantial efforts were deployed to evaluate oceanic primary production.  These efforts include in situ measurements of uptake rates using isotopic techniques, remote sensing, autonomous instrumentation for bio-optics, carbon or oxygen measurements, and the development of semi-empirical to complex biogeochemical models. The colloquium presented the opportunity to review the current knowledge in the estimation of primary production, and to assess the impact of physical processes on ocean productivity. Particular attention  focused on the importance of physical processes at different spatial and temporal scales for controlling the level and variability of primary production and on the development of adequate methodologies to tackle this variability in order to derive large-scale, climate-driven budgets. Refined biogeochemical models considering for instance phytoplankton physiology, the representation of variable elemental stoichiometric ratios, the role of mixotrophy as well as satellite algorithms that are now able to simulate the plankton functional types are good candidates for scaling up. Contributions dealing with the difficult issue of interoperability of in-situ, satellite and modelling estimates of primary production were presented. Details on the terms of reference as well as the thematic session that were organized can be found at http://modb.oce.ulg.ac.be/?page=colloquium&year=2013.}
}

@incollection{ORBi-651596a9-235b-449e-a87f-1827dcc3a466,
	AUTHOR = {Grégoire, Marilaure and Lévi, Marina and Marra, John and Borges, Alberto and Brasseur, Pierre},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/259416},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {The variability of primary production in the ocean: From the synoptic tothe global scale},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2015},
	DOI = {10.1016/j.jmarsys.2015.01.001},
	PUBLISHER = {Elsevier},
	BOOKTITLE = {The variability of primary production in the ocean: From the synoptic tothe global scale}
}

@book{ORBi-7d3cf66a-a485-4441-a38d-4aa2d9c9fc3d,
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/219533},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Low oxygen environments in marine, fresh and estuarine waters},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2015},
	PUBLISHER = {Copernicus},
	EDITION = {Biogeosciences},
	SIZE = {27 papiers},
	ABSTRACT = {Hypoxic to anoxic and even sulfidic conditions have already been reported for various aquatic systems, from lakes, estuaries and coastal areas to off-shore regions of the ocean, where oxygen supply does not compensate for its consumption in various redox processes, including respiration of organic matter. In the coastal ocean, oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) have spread exponentially since the 1960s with potential catastrophic biological losses for the benthic communities living on the bottom. In the open ocean, eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUSs) are characterized by high primary and export production that, in combination with weak ventilation, cause oxygen depletion and the development of OMZs in sub-surface waters. 
		
		The purpose of the 46th International Liege Colloquium organized in May 2014 on "Low Oxygen Environments in marine, fresh and estuarine waters" was to generate an overview of the current knowledge on deoxygenation, its monitoring, modelling, impact on ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles as well as the potential evolution of low oxygen conditions in a changing climate (http://modb.oce.ulg.ac.be/?page=colloquium&year=2014). Thematic sessions have been organized on the following: 
		
		1. deoxygenation, marine resources, ecosystem functioning and structure of the food web;
		2. deoxygenation and biogeochemical cycles;
		3. life and processes in redox gradients;
		4. palaeoproxies of hypoxia;
		5. modelling hypoxia;
		6. oxygen time series and instrumental developments;
		7. eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUS) as natural SOLAS laboratories;
		8. deoxygenation in a global change context.},
	URL = {https://www.biogeosciences.net/special\_issue177.html}
}

@book{ORBi-aae473f3-d428-4462-a22c-1d3f4fca906a,
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/291851},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Implementing the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive: Scientific challenges and opportunities},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2015},
	PUBLISHER = {Elsevier},
	EDITION = {Continental Shelf Research},
	URL = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/continental-shelf-research/vol/108/suppl/C}
}

@article{ORBi-1db5c326-a4cf-4f49-ad53-c795f8ed8712,
	AUTHOR = {Malanotte-Rizzoli, Paula and Artale, V and Borzelli-Eusebi, G and Brenner, S and Crise, A and Gacic, M and Kress, N and Marullo, S and Ribera d Alcala, M and Sofianos, S and Tanhua, T and Theocharis, A and Alvarez, M and Ashkenazy, Y and Bergamasco, A and Cardin, V and Carniel, S and Civitarese, G and d Ortenzio, F and Font, J and Garcia-Ladona, E and Garcia-Lafuente, J.M. and Gogou, A and Grégoire, Marilaure and Hainbucher, D and Kontoyannis, H and Kovacevic, V and Kraskapoulou, E and Krosko, G and Incarbona, A and Mazzocchi, MG and Orlic, M and Ozoy, A and Pascual, Ananda and Poulain, P.M. and Roether, W and Rubino, A and Schroeder, K and Siokou-Frangou, J and Souvermezoglou, E and Sprovieri, M and Tintore, J and Triantafyllou, G},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/175285},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Physical forcing and physical/biochemical variability of the Mediterranean Sea: A review of unresolved issues and directions for future research},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {May 2014},
	DOI = {10.5194/os-10-281-2014},
	PUBLISHER = {European Geosciences Union},
	JOURNAL = {Ocean Science},
	ISSN = {1812-0784},
	VOLUME = {10},
	NUMBER = {3},
	ABSTRACT = {This paper is the outcome of a workshop held in Rome in November 2011 on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the POEM (Physical Oceanography of the Eastern Mediterranean) program. In the workshop discussions, a number of unresolved issues were identified for the physical and biogeochemical properties of the Mediterranean Sea as a whole, i.e., comprising the Western and Eastern sub-basins. Over the successive two years, the related ideas were discussed among the group of scientists who participated in the workshop and who have contributed to the writing of this paper. Three major topics were identified, each of them being the object of a section divided into a number of different sub-sections, each addressing a specific physical, chemical or biological issue: 1. Assessment of basin-wide physical/biochemical properties, of their variability and interactions. 2. Relative importance of external forcing functions (wind stress, heat/moisture fluxes, forcing through straits) vs. internal variability. 3. Shelf/deep sea interactions and exchanges of physical/biogeochemical properties and how they affect the sub-basin circulation and property distribution. Furthermore, a number of unresolved scientific/methodological issues were also identified and are reported in each sub-section after a short discussion of the present knowledge. They represent the collegial consensus of the scientists contributing to the paper. Naturally, the unresolved issues presented here constitute the choice of the authors and therefore they may not be exhaustive and/or complete. The overall goal is to stimulate a broader interdisciplinary discussion among the scientists of the Mediterranean oceanographic community, leading to enhanced collaborative efforts and exciting future discoveries},
	URL = {http://www.ocean-sci.net/10/281/2014/os-10-281-2014.pdf}
}

@article{ORBi-2b3015d9-3904-409a-b3d3-78f5b397e812,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Troupin, Charles and Cartensen, Jacob and Grégoire, Marilaure and Beckers, Jean-Marie},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/159944},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Untangling spatial and temporal trends in the variability of the Black Sea Cold Intermediate Layer and mixed Layer Depth using the DIVA detrending procedure},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {26 January 2014},
	DOI = {10.1007/s10236-013-0683-4},
	PUBLISHER = {Springer Science & Business Media B.V.},
	JOURNAL = {Ocean Dynamics},
	ISSN = {1616-7341},
	VOLUME = {64},
	NUMBER = {3},
	ABSTRACT = {Current spatial interpolation products may be biased by uneven distribution of measurements in time.
		This manuscript presents a detrending method that recognizes and eliminates this bias.
		The method estimates temporal trend components in addition to the spatial structure and has been implemented within the Data Interpolating Variational Analysis (DIVA) analysis tool.
		The assets of this new detrending method are illustrated by producing monthly and annual climatologies of 
		two vertical properties of the Black Sea while recognizing their seasonal and interannual variabilities : the mixed layer depth, and the cold content of its Cold Intermediate Layer (CIL).
		The temporal trends, given as by-products of the method, are used to analyze the seasonal and interannual variability of these variables over the past decades (1955-2011).
		In particular, the CIL interannual variability is related to the cumulated winter air temperature anomalies, explaining 88\textbackslash% of its variation.},
	ORGANIZATION = {CE - Commission Européenne},
	URL = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10236-013-0683-4}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-ca4ac30a-e05e-4d9a-9189-abd282fc60c3,
	AUTHOR = {Drion, Roxanne and Capet, Arthur and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/162451},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Taxonomical versus Functional responses of macrobenthic communities to environmental conditions on the Black sea’s shelf},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {January 2014},
	LOCATION = {Athens, Greece},
	ORGANIZATION = {CE - Commission Européenne}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-66024d47-e860-4e50-a6e9-20bcc7c8bbea,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Beckers, Jean-Marie and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/163742},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {From charybdis to scylla: Eutrophication and climate drivers of hypoxia in the black sea northwesterm shelf},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {January 2014},
	LOCATION = {Athens, Greece},
	ORGANIZATION = {Union Européenne}
}

@book{ORBi-38b95fde-d391-438a-b65c-88754fc0bece,
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/172852},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Assessing and modelling ecosystem changes in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea pelagic ecosystem - SESAME},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2014},
	PUBLISHER = {Journal of Marine Systems, Elsevier Science, (135), 180p.},
	SIZE = {180 p.},
	SERIES = {135},
	ABSTRACT = {SESAME was an Integrated Project under the European Union's 6th Framework Programme. The project involved almost four hundred scientists from 59 research institutes in 24 countries, which included almost all countries of the Mediterranean and Black Sea Basins. This level of cooperation and coordination allowed data collection on different aspects of the Mediterranean and Black Sea ecosystems on a scale never before attempted. The project was designed to study the past, present and future environmental changes in the Southern European Seas (SES) ecosystems, as well as the effect of these changes on fundamental goods (tourism, fisheries) and services (mitigation of climate through carbon sequestration and ecosystem stability through conservation of biodiversity) provided by the ecosystems.
		
		The project's innovative character was reflected in the close merging of economic and natural sciences to study changes that occurred in the past 50 years and those that may occur in the next 50 years, through connecting ecological models with climatic and socio-economic scenarios.},
	URL = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/09247963/135}
}

@book{ORBi-a222817d-9b9e-4268-ae0c-027fa75272bb,
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/150236},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Traces and Tracers: Selected papers from the Joint Liège Colloquium on Ocean Dynamics - Bonus- GoodHope - Geotraces meeting},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {October 2013},
	PUBLISHER = {Journal of Marine Systems, Elsevier Science, 106p},
	SIZE = {106},
	ABSTRACT = {The 43rd International Liege Colloquium on Ocean Dynamics (http://modb.oce.ulg.ac.be/colloquium/) gathered a hundred scientists from around the world to discuss new developments and insights related to tracers and proxies (from temperature and salinity to gases and isotopes) with a particular attention on the use of Trace Elements and Isotopes (TEI) as tracers.  The colloquium was organized in connection with the Geotraces program (an ongoing international study of the global marine biogeochemical cycles of trace elements and their isotopes, http://www.geotraces.org/) and was the occasion to present the wealth of data collected during large oceanographic expeditions that occurred in connection with the International Polar year. In this framework, particular emphasis was given to the BONUS-GoodHope project, a multi-disciplinary oceanographic cruise that coupled full-depth ocean and atmosphere physical and biogeochemical observations, including trace metals and isotopes (Speich et al. 2013; Speich et al. 2008).}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-03a2ffbb-6dae-48f7-9b53-dcc28d71d721,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Beckers, Jean-Marie and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/160242},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Hypoxia in the Black Sea northwestern shelf: From eutrophication to climatic stressors.},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {October 2013},
	BOOKTITLE = {40th CIESM congress proceedings},
	ABSTRACT = {Abstract
		The dynamics of seasonal hypoxia, which affects the Black Sea north-western shelf since the mid 1970's until present days, is
		investigated by means of a 3D biogeochemical model. Comparison of the model results with in -situ data reveals that the
		phenomenon may have been underestimated after the mid 1990's due to the distribution of observations. We investigate the
		mechanism of hypoxia at seasonal scale, and identify the main drivers of its interannual variability. While high nutrients discharge
		caused severe hypoxia in the 1980's, it was sustained in the 1990's by the pool of organic matter accumulated during the previous
		years in the sediments layer. With an increasing intensity, climatic stressors intensifies the response of hypoxia to nutrient
		discharge, and affect the seasonal dynamics of hypoxia by extending its temporal scale.},
	ORGANIZATION = {CE - Commission Européenne}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-339d5e4d-150e-4aff-b3bc-f1240042c8a0,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Meysman, Filip and Soetaert, Karline and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/159945},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Introducing dynamic benthic fluxes in 3D biogeochemical model : an application on the Black Sea North-Western shelf},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {15 April 2013},
	LOCATION = {Liège, Belgium},
	ABSTRACT = {While benthic and sediment processes are now recognized as major components of the shelf  iogeochemical budget, their representation in 3D biogeochemical model has for long been oversimplified [Soetaert et al., 2000]. These oversimplified formulations of the bottom boundary  onditions prevent to account for the response of diagenetic processes to the environment. The  onsequent absence of spatial and temporal variability of benthic/pelagic fluxes may lead to mis- valuation of important terms in the biogeochemical budgets (e.g. Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon,  hosphate). More importantly, feedbacks mechanisms within the ecosystem response to  utrophication may be overlooked, such as, for instance, the sensitivity of benthic denitrification  o the oxygen content in the bottom waters. The GHER-ECO 3D biogeochemical model is  xtended  ith a refined benthic component explicitly accounting for the effect of organic matter transport,  eposition and resuspension and for the influence of the environmental conditions on the  iagenetic pathways. A semi-empirical approach allows to reproduce the variability and feedbacks  riven by benthic diagenesis without the computational burden of a vertically resolved sediment  ayer. This simplification allows to use the coupled model for the long term runs (several  ecades) required to appreciate the slow dynamics introduced by the accumulation of organic  atter in the sediment layer during the years of high riverine discharge. The extended model has  een implemented for the Black Sea North western shelf [Capet et al., 2012]. After a presentation  f the main assumptions used to construct the benthic module, re- sults are analyzed with a focus  n (1) spatial and seasonal variability of benthic diagenesis and con- sequent benthic/pelagic  xchanges, (2) comparison to in-situ estimates of benthic/pelagic dissolved fluxes, (3) implication  n biogeochemical budgets and eutrophication issue. Inherent limitations of the semi-empirical  pproach are discussed in the perspective of the current challenges addressed to biogeochemical  odels.},
	ORGANIZATION = {CE - Commission Européenne}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-b49f3e60-54ce-4465-9872-9aa0a529a061,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Beckers, Jean-Marie and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/160243},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Seasonal hypoxia in the Black Sea north-western shelf. Is there any recovery after eutrophication ?},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {11 April 2013},
	PUBLISHER = {European Geosciences Union},
	BOOKTITLE = {9th EGU General Assembly},
	LOCATION = {Vienna, Austria},
	ABSTRACT = {The Black Sea North-western shelf (NWS) is a shallow eutrophic area in which seasonal  tratification of the water column isolates bottom waters from the atmosphere and prevents  entilation to compensate for the large consumption of oxygen, due to respiration in the bottom  aters and in the sediments. A 3D coupled physical biogeochemical model is used to investigate  he dynamics of bottom hypoxia in the Black Sea NWS at different temporal scales from seasonal  o interannual (1981-2009) and to differentiate the driving factors (climatic versus eutrophication)  f hypoxic conditions in bottom waters. Model skills are evaluated by comparison with 14500 in- itu oxygen measurements available in the NOAA World Ocean Database and the Black Sea  ommission data. The choice of skill metrics and data subselections orientate the validation  rocedure towards specific aspects of the oxygen dynamics, and prove the model’s ability to  esolve the seasonal cycle and interannual variability of oxygen concentration as well as the  patial location of the oxygen depleted waters and the specific threshold of hypoxia. During the  eriod 1981-2009, each year exhibits seasonal bottom hypoxia at the end of summer. This  henomenon essentially covers the northern part of the NWS, receiving large inputs of nutrients  rom the Danube, Dniestr and Dniepr rivers, and extends, during the years of severe hypoxia,  owards the Romanian Bay of Constanta. In order to explain the interannual variability of bottom  ypoxia and to disentangle its drivers, a statistical model (multiple linear regression) is proposed  sing the long time series of model results as input variables. This statis- tical model gives a  eneral relationships that links the intensity of hypoxia to eutrophication and climate related variables. The use of four predictors allows to reproduce 78% of hypoxia interannual variability:  he annual nitrate discharge  (N ), the sea surface temperature in the month preceding  tratification (T ), the amount of semi-labile organic matter  in the sediments (C) and the duration  f the stratification (D). Eutrophication (N ,C) and climate (T ,D) predictors explain a similar  mount of variability (∼ 35%) when considered separately. A typical timescale of 9.3 years is found to describe the inertia of sediments in the recovering process after eutrophication. From  his analysis, we find that under standard conditions (i.e. average atmospheric conditions,  ediments in equi- librium with river discharges), the intensity of hypoxia can be linked to the  evel of nitrate discharge through a non-linear equation (power law). Bottom hypoxia does not  ffect the whole Black Sea NWS but rather exhibits an important spatial variability. This heterogeneous distribution, in addition to the seasonal fluctuations, complicates the monitoring  f  ottom hypoxia leading to contradictory conclusions when the interpretation is done from different  ets of data. We find that it was the case after 1995 when the recovery process was  verestimated due to the use of observations concentrated in areas and months not typically  ffected by hypoxia. This stresses out the urging need of a dedicated monitoring effort in the  WS  f the Black Sea focused on the areas and the period of the year concerned by recurrent hypoxic events.},
	ORGANIZATION = {CE - Commission Européenne}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-274a73c4-49c0-4f64-8820-4d02c4b25932,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and daskalov, georgi and Grégoire, Marilaure and Korotaev, Gennady and Salihoglu, Baris and Staneva, Joanna and Shiganova, Tamara},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/159939},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {WP4: Developing integrated tools for environmental assessment, Region : Black Sea},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {22 January 2013},
	LOCATION = {Barcelona, Spain},
	ABSTRACT = {Status of the PERSEUS Work Package 4 in the Black Sea},
	ORGANIZATION = {CE - Commission Européenne}
}

@article{ORBi-99754b8e-4224-4b04-ad90-791437e6f7b5,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Beckers, Jean-Marie and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/150792},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Drivers, mechanisms and long-term variability of seasonal hypoxia on the Black Sea northwestern shelf – is there any recovery after eutrophication?},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2013},
	DOI = {10.5194/bg-10-3943-2013},
	PUBLISHER = {European Geosciences Union},
	JOURNAL = {Biogeosciences},
	ISSN = {1726-4170},
	VOLUME = {10},
	ABSTRACT = {The Black Sea northwestern shelf (NWS) is a shallow eutrophic area in which the seasonal stratification of the water column isolates the bottom waters from the atmosphere. This prevents ventilation from counterbalancing the large consumption of oxygen due to respiration in the bottom waters and in the sediments, and sets the stage for the development of seasonal hypoxia. 
		A three-dimensional (3-D) coupled physical–biogeochemical model is used to investigate the dynamics of bottom hypoxia in the Black Sea NWS, first at seasonal and then at interannual scales (1981–2009), and to differentiate its driving factors (climatic versus eutrophication). 
		Model skills are evaluated by a quantitative comparison of the model results to 14 123 in situ oxygen measurements available in the NOAA World Ocean and the Black Sea Commission databases, using different error metrics. This validation exercise shows that the model is able to represent the seasonal and interannual variability of the oxygen concentration and of the occurrence of hypoxia, as well as the spatial distribution of oxygen-depleted waters. 
		During the period 1981–2009, each year exhibits seasonal bottom hypoxia at the end of summer. This phenomenon essentially covers the northern part of the NWS – which receives large inputs of nutrients from the Danube, Dniester and Dnieper rivers – and extends, during the years of severe hypoxia, towards the Romanian bay of Constanta. 
		An index H which merges the aspects of the spatial and temporal extension of the hypoxic event is proposed to quantify, for each year, the intensity of hypoxia as an environmental stressor. 
		In order to explain the interannual variability of H and to disentangle its drivers, we analyze the long time series of model results by means of a stepwise multiple linear regression. This statistical model gives a general relationship that links the intensity of hypoxia to eutrophication and climate-related variables. 
		A total of 82% of the interannual variability of H is explained by the combination of four predictors: the annual riverine nitrate load (N), the sea surface temperature in the month preceding stratification (Ts), the amount of semi-labile organic matter accumulated in the sediments (C) and the sea surface temperature during late summer (Tf). Partial regression indicates that the climatic impact on hypoxia is almost as important as that of eutrophication. 
		Accumulation of organic matter in the sediments introduces an important inertia in the recovery process after eutrophication, with a typical timescale of 9.3 yr. 
		 Seasonal fluctuations and the heterogeneous spatial distribution complicate the monitoring of bottom hypoxia, leading to contradictory conclusions when the interpretation is done from different sets of data. In particular, it appears that the recovery reported in the literature after 1995 was overestimated due to the use of observations concentrated in areas and months not typically affected by hypoxia. This stresses the urgent need for a dedicated monitoring effort in the Black Sea NWS focused on the areas and months concerned by recurrent hypoxic events.}
}

@incollection{ORBi-1fc629a9-33a1-477c-81ec-17928bd8a807,
	AUTHOR = {Grégoire, Marilaure and Anderson, Bob and Delille, Bruno and Jeandel, Catherine and Speich, Sabrina},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/259415},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Tracers of physical and biogeochemical processes: past changes and  ongoing anthropogenic impact},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2013},
	DOI = {10.1016/j.jmarsys.2013.04.012},
	PUBLISHER = {Elsevier},
	BOOKTITLE = {Tracers of physical and biogeochemical processes: past changes and  ongoing anthropogenic impact}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-ef6ced5f-2374-40e9-9727-583550e2037d,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/125066},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Preliminary reflexions on the coupling between 3D biogeochemical model and higher trophic level model for the North Western Black Sea shelf},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {24 May 2012},
	LOCATION = {Sgonico (Trieste), Italy},
	ORGANIZATION = {CE - Commission Européenne}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-0010c6d5-b235-404a-b9d0-4e3b159cbd9c,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Barth, Alexander and Beckers, Jean-Marie and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/124925},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Interannual variability of Black Sea’s hydrodynamics and connection to atmospheric patterns},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {09 May 2012},
	LOCATION = {Liège, Belgium},
	ABSTRACT = {The long term variability (1962–2000) of the Black Sea physical processes (e.g. temperature, main
		circulation, cold intermediate layer, sea level) and its relation to atmospheric conditions and large scale climate patterns are investigated using an eddy-resolving tridimensional model in combination with statistical tools (e.g. Empirical Orthogonal Functions, Self Organizing Maps). First, the ability of the model to represent the interannual dynamics of the system is assessed by comparing the modeled and satellite sea surface temperature (SST) and sea level anomaly (SLA) decomposed into their dominant Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs). The correlation between the spatial and temporal EOFs modes derived from model and satellite data is usually satisfactory and this gives some confidence in using the model as a tool to investigate not only the SST and SLA dynamics but also the dynamics of connected variables.
		Then, the long term variability (1962–2000) of the Black Sea hydrodynamics is assessed by decomposing into their dominant EOFs modeled SST, SLA and selected key hydrodynamical variables associated to the main circulation and vertical structure of the water column. Significant correlations between the EOFs associated to these variables are investigated in order to link the variability of surface fields and the internal dynamics of the system. 
		In particular, the intensity of the general cyclonic circulation (the Rim Current) is shown to impact
		strongly (1) the mean sea level, (2) the SST response to air temperature (AT), (3) the formation of the cold intermediate layer, (4) the meridional repartition of the SST anomaly and (5) the exchanges of heat between the north-western shelf and the open basin. In order to appraise the variability of atmospheric conditions over the Black Sea during 1962–2000 and their role in driving the hydrodynamics, a self-organizing maps technique is used to identify spatial recurrent patterns of atmospheric fields (i.e., AT, wind stress and curl). The impact on these patterns of large scale climatic variability over the north Atlantic and Eurasia  (estimated by respectively the north Atlantic oscillation (NAO) and the east Atlantic/west Russia oscillation (EA/WR) indexes) is assessed. Distinct time scales of influence of the large scale teleconnection patterns on the AT are identified: EA/WR drives the short scale (1–5 years) variations of SST, while the long term (4-5 years) trends of the NAO drive the long term SST trends.
		The drastic changes that have occurred in the Black Sea deep sea ecosystem at the end of the 80s are connected to an intensification of the general circulation that has promoted an export of riverine materials from the eutrophicated north-western shelf to the deep sea.
		Finally, in the last two decades, we find an increased duration of persistent atmospheric anomalies
		regime that has the potential to drive the system away from its average state as occurred in the late 80s. If persistent in the future, such long lasting atmospheric anomalies may have a significant impact on the ecosystem functioning.},
	ORGANIZATION = {CE - Commission Européenne},
	URL = {http://modb.oce.ulg.ac.be/colloquium/}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-d6e919be-247d-4ff7-a76f-fb53c3087682,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Beckers, Jean-Marie and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/126678},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Sensitivity of the Oxygen Dynamics in the Black Sea North Western Shelf to physical and biogeochemical processes : 3D model approach},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {13 March 2012},
	LOCATION = {Roma, Italy},
	ABSTRACT = {The presentation evidences the role of benthic oxygen consumption in the seasonal hypoxia afecting the Norht western shelf of the Black Sea.  Spatial variability of related processes is evidenced and finally interanual variability of hypoxia severity is quantified and related to nitrogen riverine inputs.},
	ORGANIZATION = {CE - Commission Européenne},
	URL = {http://www.hypox.net/front\_content.php?idcat=399&idlang=19}
}

@article{ORBi-0b0bca2c-a2d8-48aa-a83a-53b4c8f6366f,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Barth, Alexander and Beckers, Jean-Marie and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/126677},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Interannual variability of Black Sea’s hydrodynamics and connection to atmospheric patterns},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2012},
	DOI = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.04.010},
	PUBLISHER = {Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science},
	JOURNAL = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II, Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	ISSN = {0967-0645},
	ABSTRACT = {The long term variability (1962–2000) of the Black Sea physical processes (e.g. temperature, main
		circulation, cold intermediate layer, sea level) and its relation to atmospheric conditions and large scale climate patterns are investigated using an eddy-resolving tridimensional model in ombination with statistical tools (e.g. Empirical Orthogonal Functions, Self Organizing Maps). First, the ability of the model to represent the interannual dynamics of the system is assessed by comparing the modeled and satellite sea surface temperature (SST) and sea level anomaly (SLA) decomposed into their dominant Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs). The correlation between the spatial and temporal EOFs modes derived from model and satellite data is usually satisfactory and this gives some confidence in using the model as a tool to investigate not only the SST and SLA dynamics but also the dynamics of connected variables.
		Then, the long term variability (1962–2000) of the Black Sea hydrodynamics is assessed by  decomposing into their dominant EOFs modeled SST, SLA and selected key hydrodynamical variables associated to the main circulation and vertical structure of the water column. Significant correlations between the EOFs associated to these variables are investigated in order to link the variability of surface fields and the internal dynamics of the system.
		In particular, the intensity of the general cyclonic circulation (the Rim Current) is shown to impact
		strongly (1) the mean sea level, (2) the SST response to air temperature (AT), (3) the formation of the cold intermediate layer, (4) the meridional repartition of the SST anomaly and (5) the exchanges of heat between the north-western shelf and the open basin.
		In order to appraise the variability of atmospheric conditions over the Black Sea during 1962–2000
		and their role in driving the hydrodynamics, a self-organizing maps technique is used to identify spatial recurrent patterns of atmospheric fields (i.e., AT, wind stress and curl).
		The impact on these patterns of large scale climatic variability over the north Atlantic, Eurasia and
		the Pacific Ocean (estimated by respectively the north Atlantic oscillation (NAO), the east Atlantic/west  ̃Russia oscillation (EA/WR) and the El Nino southern oscillation (ENSO) indexes) is assessed. Distinct time scales of influence of the large scale teleconnection patterns on the AT are identified: EA/WR drives the short scale (1–5 years) variations of SST, while the long term (4-5 years) trends of the NAO drive the long term SST trends.
		The drastic changes that have occurred in the Black Sea deep sea ecosystem at the end of the 80s are
		connected to an intensification of the general circulation that has promoted an export of riverine
		materials from the eutrophicated north-western shelf to the deep sea.
		Finally, in the last two decades, we find an increased duration of persistent atmospheric anomalies
		regime that has the potential to drive the system away from its average state as occurred in the late 80s. If persistent in the future, such long lasting atmospheric anomalies may have a significant impact on the ecosystem functioning.},
	ORGANIZATION = {CE - Commission Européenne},
	URL = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967064512000586}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-8be23801-fa94-4f5d-8318-56a8a39cf318,
	AUTHOR = {Champenois, Willy and Lepoint, Gilles and Delille, Bruno and Commarieu, Marc-Vincent and Grégoire, Marilaure and Beckers, Jean-Marie and Borges, Alberto},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/90741},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Evaluation of metabolic rates in various benthic communities in the Bay of Revellata (Corsica) using optodes},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {08 April 2011},
	LOCATION = {Vienna, Austria}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-2c61ec56-e23d-40a7-ad00-e841da9820ae,
	AUTHOR = {Champenois, Willy and Lepoint, Gilles and Delille, Bruno and Commarieu, Marc-Vincent and Grégoire, Marilaure and Beckers, Jean-Marie and Borges, Alberto},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/90742},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Seasonal and inter-annual variations of community metabolism rates of a Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadow},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {08 April 2011},
	LOCATION = {Vienna, Austria}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-44415793-e413-4436-9961-83f67b92b12f,
	AUTHOR = {Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/150342},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Assessment of the long term changes of the SES ecosystem},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {April 2011},
	LOCATION = {Athens, Greece}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-e369ee9b-b0af-4d61-ab98-d4102946ae08,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/125590},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {3D Modelling of the Black Sea Ecosystem},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {April 2011},
	LOCATION = {Athens, Greece},
	ORGANIZATION = {FRIA - Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture},
	URL = {http://www.sesame-ip.eu/}
}

@article{ORBi-7932eab3-4a64-4c30-accb-cae3c0982447,
	AUTHOR = {Soetaert and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/100992},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Estimating marine biogeochemical rates of the carbonate pH system—A Kalman filter tested},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2011},
	DOI = {10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.03.012},
	PUBLISHER = {Elsevier Science},
	JOURNAL = {Ecological Modelling},
	ISSN = {0304-3800},
	VOLUME = {222},
	ABSTRACT = {Oxygen (O2), nitrate (NO3), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) or pCO2, and pH or total alkalinity (TA), are useful indices of marine chemical, physical and biological processes operating on varying timescales.
		Although these properties are increasingly being monitored at high frequency, they have not been extensively used for studying ecosystem dynamics. We test whether we can estimate time-evolving biogeochemical rates (e.g. primary production, respiration, calcification and carbonate dissolution, and nitrification) from synthetic high frequency time-series of O2, NO3, DIC, pCO2, TA or pH. More specifically, a Kalman filter has been implemented in a very simplified biogeochemical model describing the dynamics
		of O2, NO3, DIC and TA and linking the concentration data to biogeochemical fluxes. Different sets of concentration data are assimilated and biogeochemical rates are estimated. The frequency of assimilation required to get acceptable results is investigated and is compared with the frequency of sampling in the field or in controlled experimental settings.
		Smoothing of the data to remove data noise before assimilation improves the estimation of the biogeochemical rates. The best estimated rates are obtained when assimilating O2, NO3 and TA although the assimilation of DIC instead of TA also gives satisfactory results. In case pH or pCO2 is assimilated rather than DIC or TA, the linearization of the (now nonlinear) observation equation introduces perturbations
		and the Kalman filter behaves suboptimal. We conclude that, given the resolution of data required, the tool has potential to estimate biogeochemical rates of the carbonate system under controlled settings.},
	ORGANIZATION = {F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique}
}

@article{ORBi-73bcd501-3b6a-42b9-829d-b6c26cd647ba,
	AUTHOR = {Joassin, Pascal and Delille, Bruno and Soetaert, Karline and Harlay, Jérôme and Borges, Alberto and Chou, Lei and Riebesell, Ulf and Suykens, Kim and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/83843},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Carbon and nitrogen flows during a bloom of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi: Modelling a mesocosm experiment},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2011},
	DOI = {10.1016/j.jmarsys.2010.11.007},
	PUBLISHER = {Elsevier Science},
	JOURNAL = {Journal of Marine Systems},
	ISSN = {0924-7963},
	VOLUME = {85},
	ABSTRACT = {A dynamic model has been developed to represent biogeochemical variables and processes observed during experimental blooms of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi induced inmesocosms over a period of 23 days.
		The model describes carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycling through E. huxleyi and the microbial loop, and computes pH and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) from dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA). The main innovations are: 1) the representation of E. huxleyi dynamics using an unbalanced growthmodel in carbon and nitrogen, 2) the gathering of formulations describing typical processes involved in the export of carbon such as primary production, calcification, cellular dissolved organic carbon (DOC) excretion, transparent exopolymer (TEP) formation and viral lyses, and 3) an original and validated representation of the calcification process as a function of the net primary production with a
		modulation by the intra-cellular N:C ratio mimicking the effect of nutrients limitation on the onset of calcification. It is shown that this new mathematical formulation of calcification provides a better representation of the dynamics of TA, DIC and calcification rates derived from experimental data compared to classicaly used formulations (e.g. function of biomass or of net primary production without anymodulation term).
		In a first step, the model has been applied to the simulations of present pCO2 conditions. It adequately reproduces the observations for chemical and biological variables and provides an overall view of carbon and nitrogen dynamics. Carbon and nitrogen budgets are derived from the model for the different phases of the bloom, highlighting three distinct phases, reflecting the evolution of the cellular C:N ratio and the interaction between hosts and viruses. During the first phase, inorganic nutrients are massively consumed by E. huxleyi increasing its biomass. Uptakes of carbon and nitrogen are maintained at a constant ratio. The second phase is triggered by the exhaustion of phosphate (PO4 3−). Uptake of carbon and nitrogen being uncoupled, the cellular
		C:N ratio of E. huxleyi increases. This stimulates the active release of DOC, acting as precursors for TEP. The third phase is characterised by an enhancement of the phytoplankton mortality due to viral lysis. A huge amount of DOC has been accumulated in the mesocosm.}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-994f70b5-997d-412a-b7fa-43021e58fc55,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Barth, Alexander and Beckers, Jean-Marie and Borges, Alberto and Joassin, Pascal and Meysman, F. and Soetaert, K. and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/90746},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Multidecadal evolution of Black Sea hydrodynamics and biogeochemistry},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2011},
	LOCATION = {Vienna, Austria}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-4e11fb7c-f4a6-4cec-bcd1-d3d28d873ce2,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/127373},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {3D Modelling of the Black Sea northwestern shelf ecosystem : Benthic Fluxes},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {October 2010},
	LOCATION = {Liège, Belgium},
	ORGANIZATION = {FRIA - Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture},
	URL = {http://www.google.be/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=cost%20borges%204-5%20october%202010&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CFkQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cost-735.org%2Fmeetings%2Fminutes%2Fcost735Dec10.pdf&ei=h1\_YT9rOJMqR0AXA9bCZBA&usg=AFQjCNGrgvpE5GsZT4llXGm0Q5AIJffF0Q}
}

@article{ORBi-6754d248-69f5-4c2f-8f83-59f4f6c18eec,
	AUTHOR = {Vandenbulcke, Luc and Capet, Arthur and Beckers, Jean-Marie and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/79575},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Onboard implementation of the GHER model for the Black Sea, with SST and CTD data assimilation},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {August 2010},
	DOI = {10.1080/1755876X.2010.11020117},
	PUBLISHER = {Taylor & Francis},
	JOURNAL = {Journal of Operational Oceanography},
	ISSN = {1755-876X},
	VOLUME = {3},
	NUMBER = {2},
	ABSTRACT = {The first operational implementation of the GHER hydrodynamic model is described. It took place onboard the research vessel Alliance with all computation and sharing of forecasts being realised from the vessel in near-real time. The forecasts were realised in the context of the Turkish Straits System 2008 campaign, which aimed at the real-time characterisation of the Marmara Sea and (south-western) Black Sea. The model performed badly at first, mainly because of poor initial conditions. Hence, as the model includes a reduced-rank extended Kalman filter assimilation scheme, after a hindcast where sea surface temperature and temperature and salinity profiles were assimilated, the model yielded realistic forecasts. Furthermore, the time required to run a one-day simulation (about 300 seconds of simulation, or 500 with pre-processing and data transfers included) was very limited and thus operational use of the model is possible.}
}

@article{ORBi-2f0d3b25-1ac2-4fad-bd67-6bff74b680f4,
	AUTHOR = {Grégoire, Marilaure and Soetaert, Karline},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/66617},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfide budgets in the Black Sea: A biogeochemical model of the whole water column coupling the oxic and anoxic parts},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {July 2010},
	DOI = {10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.06.007},
	PUBLISHER = {Elsevier Science},
	JOURNAL = {Ecological Modelling},
	ISSN = {0304-3800},
	ABSTRACT = {Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfide budgets are derived for the Black Sea water column from a coupled physical-biogeochemical model. The model is applied in the deep part of the sea and simulates processes over the whole water column including the anoxic layer that extends from ~ 115 m to the bottom (~ 2000 m). The biogeochemical model involves a refined representation of the Black Sea foodweb from bacteria to gelatinous carnivores. It includes notably a series of biogeochemical processes typical for oxygen deficient conditions with, for instance, bacterial respiration using different types of oxidants (i.e denitrification, sulfate reduction), the lower efficiency of detritus degradation, the ANAMMOX (ANaerobic AMMonium OXidation) process  and the occurrence of particular redox reactions. The model has been calibrated and validated against all available data gathered in the Black Sea TU Ocean Base and this exercise is described in Gregoire et al., (2008). 
		In the present paper, we focus on the biogeochemical flows produced by the model and we compare model estimations with the measurements performed during the R.V. KNORR expedition conducted in the Black Sea from April to July 1988 (Murray and the Black Sea Knorr Expedition, 1991).  Model estimations of hydrogen sulfide oxidation, metal sulfide precipitation, hydrogen sulfide formation in the sediments and water column, export flux to the anoxic layer and to the sediments, denitrification, primary and bacterial production are in the range of field observations. 
		With a simulated Gross Primary Production (GPP) of 7.9 molC m-2 yr-1 and a Community Respiration (CR) of 6.3 molC m-2 yr-1, the system is net autotrophic with a Net Community Production (NCP) of 1.6 molC m-2 yr-1. This NCP corresponds to 20 % of the GPP and is exported to the anoxic layer.  In order to model Particulate Organic Matter (POM) fluxes to the bottom and hydrogen sulfide profiles in agreement with in-situ observations, we have to consider that the degradation of POM in anoxic conditions is less efficient that in oxygenated waters as it has often been observed (see discussion in Hedges et al., 1999). The vertical POM profile produced by the model can be fitted to the classic power function describing the oceanic carbon rate (CR=Z-) using an attenuation coefficient  of 0.36 which is the value proposed for another anoxic environment (i.e. the Mexico Margin)  by Devol and Hartnett, (2001). Due to the lower efficiency of detritus degradation in anoxic conditions and to the aggregation of particles that enhanced the sinking, an important part of the export to the anoxic layer (i.e. 33 %,  0.52 molC m-2 yr-1) escapes remineralization in the water column and reaches the sediments. Therefore, sediments are active sites of sulfide production contributing to 26 %  of the total sulfide production.  
		In the upper layer, the oxygen dynamics is mainly governed by photosynthesis and respiration processes as well as by air-sea exchanges. ~ 71 % of the oxygen produced by phytoplankton (photosynthesis + nitrate reduction) is lost through respiration, ~ 21 % by outgasing to the atmosphere, ~ 5 % through  nitrification and only ~ 2 %  in the oxidation of reduced components (e.g. Mn2+, Fe2+, H2S).
		The model estimates the amount of nitrogen lost through denitrification 	at 307 mmolN m-2 yr-1 that can be partitioned into a loss of ~ 55 % through the use of nitrate for the oxidation of detritus in low oxygen conditions, ~ 40 % in the ANAMMOX process and the remaining ~ 5% in the oxidation of reduced substances  by nitrate. 
		In agreement with data analysis performed on long time series collected since the 1960's (Konovalov and Murray, 2001),  the sulfide and nitrogen budgets established for the anoxic layer are not balanced in response to the enhanced particle fluxes induced by eutrophication: the NH4 and H2S concentrations increase.}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-83518ee1-6730-4219-9482-64614ae74512,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/127372},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {3D Modelling of the Black Sea northwestern Shelf Ecosystem},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {14 May 2010},
	LOCATION = {Venice, Italy},
	ABSTRACT = {Some validation procedures are presented concerning the physicis and the biology,  as well as the decomposition of the oxygen cycle in its different components. The role of the Sevastopol eddy of retaining POM in the Crimea peninsula causing intense bacterial oxygen consumption is evidenced.},
	ORGANIZATION = {FRIA - Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-e3bc58e5-a1f8-4147-a85a-93be353d629e,
	AUTHOR = {Grégoire, Marilaure and Gorsky, G. and Sesame participants, .},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/150784},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {The assessment of the past decades based on modelling and data analysis: some examples},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {May 2010}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-c8cdd12d-f424-4500-814f-4136753ca792,
	AUTHOR = {Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/150782},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {A recipe for biogeochemical modelling using 3D pelagic models},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {March 2010},
	LOCATION = {Istanbul, Turkey}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-29bd76cb-bf4c-4ed5-83be-79d84e8d5624,
	AUTHOR = {Borges, Alberto and Commarieu, Marc-Vincent and Ozsoy, E. and Sancak, S. and Tugrul, S. and Yücel, N. and Uysal, Z. and Krasakopoulou, E. and Huertas, E. and Chasovnikov, V. and Arashkevich, A. and Catalano, J. and Luchetta, A. and Goyet, C. and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/81421},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Carbon dioxide dynamics and air-sea CO2 fluxes in the SES : Synthesis of the SESAME cruises},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2010},
	LOCATION = {Venice, Italy}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-f5050b45-9aee-4458-ada7-f213a50265ae,
	AUTHOR = {Champenois, Willy and Delille, Bruno and Lepoint, Gilles and Beckers, Jean-Marie and Grégoire, Marilaure and Borges, Alberto},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/84201},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Three years of results from a mooring over a Posidonia Oceanica seagrass meadow (Corsica, France)},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2010},
	LOCATION = {Venice, Italy}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-1a0f68b7-093e-4a0e-b293-bf36a28cddad,
	AUTHOR = {Champenois, Willy and Delille, Bruno and Lepoint, Gilles and Beckers, Jean-Marie and Grégoire, Marilaure and Borges, Alberto},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/82767},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Three years of results from a mooring over a Posidonia Oceanica seagrass meadow (Corsica, France)},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2010},
	LOCATION = {Vienna, Austria}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-9225fbda-b129-4d02-b2f3-2fc140f81d41,
	AUTHOR = {Champenois, Willy and Lepoint, Gilles and Delille, Bruno and Commarieu, Marc-Vincent and Grégoire, Marilaure and Beckers, Jean-Marie and Borges, Alberto},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/82766},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Evaluation of metabolic rates in various communities in the Bay of Calvi using optodes based on different approaches},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2010},
	LOCATION = {Liège, Belgium}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-06f74510-d359-4eb4-b548-06ccb902abb6,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Beckers, Jean-Marie and Joassin, Pascal and Naithani, Jaya and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/161896},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Assessing ecosystem changes in the North Western shelf of the Black Sea using 3D coupled models},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {11 November 2009},
	LOCATION = {Villefranche, France},
	ORGANIZATION = {FRIA - Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-7d3a01a0-cccc-4b5b-a5e9-da0dbd6a3b71,
	AUTHOR = {Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/150779},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Assessment of the long term changes of the SES ecosystem},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {November 2009},
	LOCATION = {Villefranche, France}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-4ad34075-6510-4702-bc35-13f63ef60199,
	AUTHOR = {Lenartz, F. and Alvera Azcarate, Aïda and Beckers, Jean-Marie and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/150849},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Modeling the hydrodynamics and the ecosystem dynamics of the Bay of Calvi},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {November 2009},
	LOCATION = {Sochi, Russia}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-d085a4d1-6e83-4136-a221-d0f9d8e06922,
	AUTHOR = {Champenois, Willy and Delille, Bruno and Beckers, Jean-Marie and Grégoire, Marilaure and Borges, Alberto},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/82768},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {First two years of results from a mooring over a Posidonia Oceanica seagrass meadow (Corsica, France)},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {May 2009},
	LOCATION = {Liège, Belgium}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-7da36ab9-38c0-4bd3-a5d3-2d584f6280ff,
	AUTHOR = {Capet, Arthur and Beckers, Jean-Marie and Joassin, Pascal and Naithani, Jaya and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/161897},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {3D modelling of the Black Sea ecosystem},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {24 April 2009},
	ORGANIZATION = {FRIA - Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-085079eb-968a-41b2-9bf8-7705a36da043,
	AUTHOR = {Champenois, Willy and Delille, Bruno and Beckers, Jean-Marie and Grégoire, Marilaure and Borges, Alberto},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/84205},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Results of two years of a mooring over a Posidonia Oceanica seagrass meadow (Corsica, France)},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {April 2009},
	LOCATION = {Vienna, Austria}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-aeb09d28-1fcd-4896-91e6-12c525a761c9,
	AUTHOR = {Champenois, Willy and Delille, Bruno and Beckers, Jean-Marie and Grégoire, Marilaure and Borges, Alberto},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/84202},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {First two years of results from a mooring over a Posidonia Oceanica seagrass meadow (Corsica, France)},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2009},
	LOCATION = {Hvar, Croatia}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-635a907a-3d95-4804-b619-51ecec81fd78,
	AUTHOR = {Borges, Alberto and Delille, Bruno and Beckers, Jean-Marie and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/84204},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Carbon dioxide dynamics and air-sea CO2 fluxes in several Southern European Seas},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2009},
	LOCATION = {Vienna, Austria}
}

@techreport{ORBi-ae1a1558-dcb6-405d-9de1-31f18f09b268,
	AUTHOR = {Chou, L and Harlay, J and De Bodt, C and Roevros, N and Vanderborght, JP and Borges, Alberto and Suykens, K and Delille, Bruno and Joassin, P and Sollberger, S and Grégoire, Marilaure and Sabbe, K and Van Oostende, N and Engel, A and Piontek, J and Händel, N and Borchard, C and Koch, S and Biermann, A and Lunau, M},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/247302},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Role of pelagic calcification and export of carbonate production in climate change « PEACE » (SD/CS/03) - Final Report},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2009},
	PUBLISHER = {Belgian Science Policy},
	SIZE = {121},
	ABSTRACT = {The overall objective of the PEACE project is to evaluate the role in climate regulation of calcification, primary production and export processes during coccolithophorid blooms. We use a transdisciplinary approach that combines process-oriented field investigations with laboratory experiments and modelling tools. Specific objectives are: 1) to study the net ecosystem dynamics during coccolithophorid blooms, 2) to unravel the link between the bacterial community, grazing, transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) dynamics, carbon export and dimethylsulfide (DMS) cycling during coccolithophorid blooms, 3) to assess the effects of ocean acidification on coccolithophorid metabolism and TEP production, and 4) to model coccolithophorid dynamics and their impact on ocean dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) chemistry.},
	ORGANIZATION = {BELSPO - SPP Politique scientifique - Service Public Fédéral de Programmation Politique scientifique}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-a8e86f3e-6b69-4631-81f3-4f0c6d91427d,
	AUTHOR = {Borges, Alberto and Delille, Bruno and Commarieu, Marc-Vincent and Beckers, Jean-Marie and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/84203},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Carbon dioxide dynamics and air-sea CO2 fluxes in several Southern European Seas ecosystems: results from the EU IP SESAME},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2009},
	LOCATION = {Liège, Belgium}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-4e105fbc-ebb1-45e3-939b-6db140f97d4d,
	AUTHOR = {Joassin, Pascal and Delille, Bruno and Soetaert, Karline and Borges, Alberto and Chou, Lei and Engel, Anja and Gattuso, Jean-Pierre and Harlay, Jérôme and Riebesell, Ulf and Suykens, Kim and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/83877},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {A mathematical modelling of bloom of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi in a mesocosm experiment},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {23 July 2008},
	LOCATION = {Plymouth, United Kingdom},
	ABSTRACT = {A dynamic model has been developed to represent biogeochemical variables and processes observed during a bloom of Emiliania huxleyi coccolithophore. This bloom was induced in a mesocosm experiment during which the ecosystem development was followed over a period of 23-days through changes in various biogeochemical parameters such as inorganic nutrients (nitrate, ammonium and phosphate), total alkalinity (TA), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), dissolved oxygen (O2), photosynthetic pigments, particulate organic carbon (POC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), Transparent Exopolymer Particles (TEP), primary production, and calcification. This dynamic model is based on unbalanced algal growth and balanced bacterial growth. In order to adequately reproduce the observations, the model includes an explicit description of phosphorus cycling, calcification, TEP production and an enhanced mortality due to viral lysis. The model represented carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes observed in the mesocosms. Modelled profiles of algal biomass and final concentrations of DIC and nutrients are in agreement with the experimental observations.}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-8dcce6ea-2c40-4059-8744-408b266ff3cb,
	AUTHOR = {Grégoire, Marilaure and Capet, Arthur and Barth, Alexander and Borges, Alberto and Beckers, Jean-Marie and Joassin, P. and Naithani, J. and Soetaert, S. and Vandenbulcke, Luc},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/150777},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Understanding the Black Sea ecosystem functioning during the eutrophication phase using mathematical modelling},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {June 2008},
	LOCATION = {Plymouth, United Kingdom},
	ABSTRACT = {A coupled physical-biogeochemical model has been developed to simulate the ecosystem of the Black Sea at the end of the 80's when eutrophication and invasion by gelatinous organisms seriously affected the stability and dynamics of the system. The biogeochemical model describes the foodweb from bacteria to gelatinous carnivores and explicitly represents processes in the anoxic layer down to the bottom.  Additionally, in order to estimate carbon sequestration, the model includes an explicit representation of the DIC and alkalinity dynamics. For calibration and analyses purposes, the coupled model has first been run in 1D in several places in the Black Sea.  The biogeochemical model involves some hundred parameters which are first calibrated by hand using published values. Then, an identifiability analysis has been performed in order to determine a subset of identifiable parameters (~15).  An automatic calibration subroutine has been used to fine tune these parameters. In 1D, the model solution exhibits a complex dynamics with several years of transient adjustment. This complexity is imparted by the explicit modelling of top predators. The model has been calibrated and validated using a large set of data available in the Black Sea TU Ocean Base. The calibrated biogeochemical model is implemented in a 3D hydrodynamical model of the Black Sea. Appropriate nesting techniques are developed in order to couple at the shelf break the high resolution shelf model (~1-2 km) and the basin scale coarse model (5km). First results will be presented.}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-c81a726b-ae3d-4795-8a17-811cc1624856,
	AUTHOR = {Borges, Alberto and Delille, Bruno and Beckers, Jean-Marie and Grégoire, Marilaure and Lejeune, P. and Schiettecatte, L.-S. and Champenois, Willy},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/84206},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {First year of results from a mooring over a Posidonia Oceanica seagrass meadow (Corsica, France)},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {April 2008},
	LOCATION = {Vienna, Austria}
}

@unpublished{ORBi-fc7241c9-78c4-4f4c-88cb-04d68fa67afb,
	AUTHOR = {Joassin, Pascal and Delille, Bruno and Soetaert, K. and Borges, Alberto and Chou, L. and Engel, A. and Gattuso, J*-P and Harlay, Jérôme and Riebesell, U. and Suykens, K. and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/83878},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {A mathematical modelling of bloom of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi in a mesocosm experiment},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {01 February 2008},
	ABSTRACT = {A dynamic model has been developed to represent biogeochemical variables and processes observed during a bloom of Emiliania huxleyi coccolithophore. This bloom was induced in a mesocosm experiment during which the ecosystem development was followed over a period of 23-days through changes in various biogeochemical parameters such as inorganic nutrients (nitrate, ammonium and phosphate), total alkalinity (TA), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), partial pressure of CO[SUB]2[/SUB] (pCO[SUB]2[/SUB]), dissolved oxygen (O[SUB]2[/SUB]), photosynthetic pigments, particulate organic carbon (POC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), Transparent Exopolymer Particles (TEP), primary production, and calcification. This dynamic model is based on unbalanced algal growth and balanced bacterial growth. In order to adequately reproduce the observations, the model includes an explicit description of phosphorus cycling, calcification, TEP production and an enhanced mortality due to viral lysis. The model represented carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes observed in the mesocosms. Modelled profiles of algal biomass and final concentrations of DIC and nutrients are in agreement with the experimental observations.},
	URL = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008BGD.....5..787J}
}

@article{ORBi-392c15bf-7fe7-4198-884a-adfda961a29c,
	AUTHOR = {Grégoire, Marilaure and Raick, Caroline and Soetaert, Karline},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/4399},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Numerical modeling of the deep Black Sea ecosystem functioning during the late 80’s (eutrophication phase)},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2008},
	DOI = {10.1016/j.pocean.2008.01.002},
	PUBLISHER = {Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science},
	JOURNAL = {Progress in Oceanography},
	ISSN = {0079-6611},
	VOLUME = {76},
	NUMBER = {9},
	ABSTRACT = {A one-dimensional coupled physical–biogeochemical model has been developed to simulate the ecosystem of the central Black Sea at the end of the 1980s when eutrophication and invasion by gelatinous organisms seriously affected the stability and dynamics of the system. The physical model is the General Ocean Turbulence Model (GOTM) and the biogeochemical model describes the foodweb from bacteria to gelatinous carnivores through 24 state variables including three groups of phytoplankton: diatoms, small phototrophic flagellates and dinoflagellates, two zooplankton groups: micro- and mesozooplankton, two groups of gelatinous zooplankton: the omnivorous and carnivorous forms, an explicit representation of the bacterial loop: bacteria, labile and semi-labile dissolved organic matter, particulate organic matter. The model simulates oxygen, nitrogen, silicate and carbon cycling. In addition, an innovation of this model is that it explicitly represents processes in the anoxic layer. Biogeochemical processes in anaerobic conditions have been represented using an approach similar to that used in the modeling of diagenetic processes in the sediments lumping together all the reduced substances in one state variable [Soetaert, K., Herman, P., 1996. A model of early diagenetic processes from the shelf to abyssal depths. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 60 (6) 1019–1040]. In this way, processes in the upper oxygenated layer are fully coupled with anaerobic processes in the deep waters, allowing to perform longterm simulations.
		The mathematical modeling of phytoplankton and zooplankton dynamics, detritus and the microbial loop is based on the model developed by Van den Meersche et al. [Van den Meersche, K., Middelburg, J., Soetaert, K., van Rijswijk P.H.B., Heip, C., 2004. Carbon–nitrogen coupling and algal–bacterial interactions during an experimental bloom: Modeling a 13c tracer experiment. Limnology and Oceanography 49 (3), 862–878] and tested in the modeling of mesocosm experiments and of the Ligurian sea ecosystem [Raick, C., Delhez, E., Soetaert, K., Gregoire, M., 2005. Study of the seasonal cycle of the biogeochemical processes in the Ligurian sea using an 1D interdisciplinary model. Journal of Marine Systems 55 (3–4) 177–203]. This model has been extended to simulate the development of top predators, the aggregation of detritus as well as the degradation and chemical processes in suboxic/anoxic conditions (e.g. denitrification, anoxic remineralization, redox reactions). 
		The coupled model extends down to the sediments (’2000 m depth) and is forced at the air–sea interface by the 6 hourly ERA-40 reanalysis of ECMWF data. The model has been calibrated and validated using a large set of data available in the Black Sea TU Ocean Base. The biogeochemical model involves some hundred parameters which are first calibrated by hand using published values. Then, an identifiability analysis has been performed in order to determine a subset of identifiable parameters (i.e. ensemble of parameters that can be together estimated from the amount of data we have at our disposal, see later in the text). Also a subset of 10 identifiable parameters was isolated and an automatic calibration subroutine (Levenberg Marquart) has been used to fine tune these parameters. Additionally, in order to assess the sensitivity of model results to the parameterization of the two gelatinous groups, Monte Carlo simulations were performed perturbing all the parameters governing their dynamics.
		In order to calibrate the particle dynamics and export, the chemical model was run off-line with the particle and microbial loop model in order to check its capacity of simulating anoxic waters. After a 104 year run, the model simulated NH4 and H2S profiles similar to observations but steady state was not reached suggesting that the Black Sea deep waters are not at steady state. The fully coupled model was then used to simulate the period 1988–1992 of the Black Sea ecosystem.
		The model solution exhibits a complex dynamics with several years of transient adjustment. This complexity is
		imparted by the explicit modeling of top predators. The integrated chlorophyll and phytoplankton biomasses, the maximum concentration and depth of maximum, mesozooplankton biomass, depth of oxycline, primary production, bacterial production, surface concentrations of nutrients and plankton simulated by the model and obtained from available data analysis were compared and showed a satisfactory agreement. Also, as in the data, the model shows a continuous development of phytoplankton throughout the year, with an intense spring bloom dominated by diatoms and a fall bloom dominated by dinoflagellates. Dinoflagellates dominate from summer until late fall while small phototrophic flagellates are never dominant in terms of biomass, but are present almost throughout the year except in winter. The model simulates an intense silicate removal associated to increased diatoms blooms which were promoted by increased nutrient conditions, and by the presence of gelatinous zooplankton. This silicate pumping leads to silicate limitation of diatoms development in summer allowing the development of dinoflagellates.}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-57b067a5-aebd-4682-b15d-594e33756b0d,
	AUTHOR = {Grégoire, Marilaure and Capet, Arthur and Barth, Alexander and Borges, Alberto and Beckers, Jean-Marie and Joassine, P. and Naithani, J. and Soetaert, S. and Vandenbulcke, Luc},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/150372},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Understanding the Black Sea ecosystem functioning during the eutrophication phase using mathematical modelling},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2008},
	BOOKTITLE = {Climate change in the Black Sea, hypthesis, observations, trends scenarios and mitigation strategy for the ecosystem},
	LOCATION = {Sofia, Bulgaria}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-ea552c2f-ada7-428a-8c37-a6eb51cdc8c2,
	AUTHOR = {Joassin, Pascal and Beckers, Jean-Marie and Boicenco, L. and Capet, Arthur and Grégoire, Marilaure and Moncheva, S. and Naithani, J. and Ouberdous, Mohamed and Troupin, Charles},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/150376},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Application of a data-interpolating variational analysis (DIVA) tool to physical and biogeochemical measurements covering the Black Sea},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2008},
	BOOKTITLE = {Climate change in the Black Sea, hypthesis, observations, trends scenarios and mitigation strategy for the ecosystem},
	LOCATION = {Sofia, Bulgaria},
	ABSTRACT = {The European project SESAME (Southern European Seas: Assessing and Modelling Ecosystem changes) is dedicated to the assessment of ecological changes in the Mediterranean and Black seas during these last decades. This assessment will be done by combining statistical analysis of available data and the development of a 3D hydrodynamical-biogeochemical model. Data available since 1960 for the Black Sea from the databases MEDAR and NATO have been completed with data provided by SESAME partners. These data sets have been analyzed using DIVA, a geostatistical analysis tool developed by the GHER laboratory of the University of Liège. The DIVA analysis relies on a finite element resolution, taking into account coastlines, sub-basins, and advection by ocean currents. DIVA analysis generates spatially interpolated fields for biogeochemical and physical variables. Outputs consist in sets of analysis as well as error fields, and colorimetric scaled maps related to several depth layers. Biogeochemical variables considered consist in measures of chlorophyll, inorganic nutrients concentration, and phytoplankton abundances; physical variables consist in temperature and salinity. These treatments of the Black sea data sets offer an overview of the global pattern of the Black sea biogeochemical structure, and its evolution through the time periods concerned by the project. The interpolated fields generated by the DIVA tool will be used to validate the outputs of the 3D hydrodynamical-biogeochemical model developed for the north-western shelf of the Black sea in the framework of SESAME.}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-72ccce1c-12c2-4456-b286-b6fa89c41e14,
	AUTHOR = {Joassin, Pascal and Borges, Alberto and Chou, Lei and Delille, Bruno and Engel, Anja and Harlay, Jérôme and Jacquet, Stéphan and Riebesell, Ulf and Rochelle-Newall, Emma and Zondervan, Ingrid and Soetaert, Karline and Gattuso, Jean-Pierre and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/83876},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {A dynamic model of  an experimental bloom of coccolithophores Emiliania huxleyi},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {27 November 2007},
	LOCATION = {Trieste, Italy},
	ABSTRACT = {A dynamic model has been developed to represent biogeochemical events observed during an experimentally induced bloom of coccolithophores Emiliania huxleyi.  This bloom occurred  in a mesocosm experiment (Bergen 2001 experiment) during which ecosystem development was followed over a 23-days period through changes of the stocks of inorganic nutrients (nitrate, ammonium and phosphate), dissolved inorganic carbon and pCO2, O2 concentration, pigments, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, the production of Transparent Exopolymeric Particles (TEP), primary production, alkalinity, calcification and particulate inorganic carbon. The dynamic model is based on unbalanced algal growth and balanced growth for bacteria as described in Van den Meersche et al. (2004). In addition, in order to adequately reproduce the observations, the model has been extended by including an explicit description of calcification, T.E.P production and an enhanced mortality due to viruses. This last process, based on a critical promiscuity between cellular hosts and viral agents, successfully contributed to reproduce the bloom extinction as observed in the mesocosm experiment.  
		
		This model will be implemented in a coupled physical-biogeochemical model of the Black Sea ecosystem in the framework of the EU Sesame project and in the Gulf of Biscay in the frame of the Belgian PEACE project.}
}

@article{ORBi-3f8fe7c6-7772-40dd-838b-5e5c1b07df00,
	AUTHOR = {Raick, Caroline and Alvera Azcarate, Aïda and Barth, Alexander and Brankart, J. M. and Soetaert, K. and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/4533},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Application of a SEEK filter to a 1D biogeochemical model of the Ligurian Sea: Twin experiments and real in-situ data assimilation},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {March 2007},
	DOI = {10.1016/j.jmarsys.2005.06.006},
	PUBLISHER = {Elsevier Science Bv},
	JOURNAL = {Journal of Marine Systems},
	ISSN = {0924-7963},
	VOLUME = {65},
	NUMBER = {1-4},
	ABSTRACT = {The Singular Evolutive Extended Kalman (SEEK) filter has been implemented to assimilate in-situ data in a 1D coupled physical-ecosystem model of the Ligurian Sea. The biogeochemical model describes the partly decoupled nitrogen and carbon cycles of the pelagic food web. The GHER hydrodynamic model (1D version) is used to represent the physical forcings. The data assimilation scheme (SEEK filter) parameterizes the error statistics by means of a set of empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs). Twin experiments are first performed with the aim to choose the suitable experimental protocol (observation and estimation vectors, number of EOFs, frequency of the assimilation,...) and to assess the SEEK filter performances. This protocol is then applied to perform real data assimilation experiments using the DYFAMED data base. By assimilating phytoplankton observations, the method has allowed to improve not only the representation of the phytoplankton community, but also of other variables such as zooplankton and bacteria that evolve with model dynamics and that are not corrected by the data assimilation scheme. The validation of the assimilation method and the improvement of model results are studied by means of suitable error measurements. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}
}

@article{ORBi-db739ae8-618d-4261-9101-b1c4abd8a9ac,
	AUTHOR = {Lenartz, Fabian and Raick, Caroline and Soetaert, Karline and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/4584},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Application of an ensemble Kalman Filter to a 1D coupled physical-biological model of the Ligurian sea},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2007},
	DOI = {10.1016/j.jmarsys.2006.12.001},
	PUBLISHER = {Elsevier Science},
	JOURNAL = {Journal of Marine Systems},
	ISSN = {0924-7963},
	VOLUME = {67},
	ABSTRACT = {The Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) has been applied to a 1-D complex ecosystem model coupled with a hydrodynamic model of the Ligurian Sea. In order to improve the performance of the EnKF, an ensemble subsampling strategy has been used to better represent the covariance matrices and a pre-analysis step for correcting the non-normality of the members distribution has been implemented. Twin experiments have been realized to assess the performance of the developed tool and a real data assimilation experiment has been conducted to hindcast the ecosystem at the Dyfamed site during the year 2000. Finally the performance of the EnKF has been compared with a Singular Evolutive Extended Kalman (SEEK) filter with a fixed basis. We conclude that, on one hand, there is a benefit in using the subsampling strategy and the lognormal transformation with the EnKF, and on the other hand, this filter presents better performance than the fixed basis version of the SEEK filter. However, it also incurs a large computational  cost.}
}

@article{ORBi-d6a59d03-f5c6-41c6-b16b-7673b6cb4c09,
	AUTHOR = {Raick, Caroline and Beckers, Jean-Marie and Soetaert, Karline and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/4304},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Can principal component analysis be used to predict the dynamics of a strongly non-linear marine biogeochemical model?},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {25 July 2006},
	DOI = {10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.02.014},
	PUBLISHER = {Elsevier Science Bv},
	JOURNAL = {Ecological Modelling},
	ISSN = {0304-3800},
	VOLUME = {196},
	NUMBER = {3-4},
	ABSTRACT = {In the framework of model complexity reduction, we investigate the ability of the principal component analysis technique to represent in a compact form the dynamics of a coupled physical-ecosystem model. The biogeochemical model describes the evolution in time and depth of the partly decoupled nitrogen and carbon cycles of the pelagic food web in the Ligurian Sea (North Western Mediterranean Sea) through 19 biogeochemical state variables. The GHER hydrodynamic model (1D version) is used to represent the physical forcings. The coupled model presents a high variability in time and space that can be decomposed in modes by principal component analysis. To investigate the possibility of being represented in a compact form, the model is constrained to evolve in a reduced space spanned by its most dominant modes of variability that are the empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs). Different orthogonal bases (formed by 1D and OD EOFs) are used to investigate the performance and realism of the method. 1D vertical EOFs show a tendency to impose a spatial structure to model results according to the most dominant EOFs. In the case of OD EOFs, results of the reduced model can be very close to the original one, but it requires a large number of modes. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}
}

@article{ORBi-fde1073d-79f8-4f2d-87ad-ed14b27e36fe,
	AUTHOR = {Raick, Caroline and Soetaert, Karline and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/4398},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Model complexity and performance: How far can we simplify?},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2006},
	DOI = {10.1016/j.pocean.2006.03.001},
	PUBLISHER = {Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd},
	JOURNAL = {Progress in Oceanography},
	ISSN = {0079-6611},
	VOLUME = {70},
	NUMBER = {1},
	ABSTRACT = {Handling model complexity and reliability is a key area of research today. While complex models containing sufficient detail have become possible due to increased computing power, they often lead to too much uncertainty. On the other hand, very simple models often crudely oversimplify the real ecosystem and can not be used for management purposes. Starting from a complex and validated 1D pelagic ecosystem model of the Ligurian Sea (NW Mediterranean Sea), we derived simplified aggregated models in which either the unbalanced algal growth, the functional group diversity or the explicit description of the microbial loop was sacrificed. To overcome the problem of data availability with adequate spatial and temporal resolution, the outputs of the complex model are used as the baseline of perfect knowledge to calibrate the simplified models. Objective criteria of model performance were used to compare the simplified models' results to the complex model output and to the available data at the DYFAMED station in the central Ligurian Sea. We show that even the simplest (NPZD) model is able to represent the global ecosystem features described by the complex model (e.g. primary and secondary productions, particulate organic matter export flux, etc.). However, a certain degree of sophistication in the formulation of some biogeochemical processes is required to produce realistic behaviors (e.g. the phytoplankton competition, the potential carbon or nitrogen limitation of the zooplankton ingestion, the model trophic closure, etc.). In general, a 9 state-variable model that has the functional group diversity removed, but which retains the bacterial loop and the unbalanced algal growth, performs best. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-97a45a3b-86db-4ff9-8e9a-6b53a2ac2c7e,
	AUTHOR = {Grégoire, Marilaure and Beckers, Jean-Marie and Friedrich, J. and Heip, P. and Konovalov, S. and Raick and Stanev, E. and Soetaert, K.},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/150720},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {The Black Sea ecosystem: study of its evolution and modifications using 3D and 1D couled physical-biogeochemical models},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {June 2005},
	LOCATION = {Paris, France}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-9ff68319-c884-4941-ac70-83053dbd9531,
	AUTHOR = {Grégoire, Marilaure and Raick, C. and Soetaert, K.},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/150740},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {The Black Sea ecosystem: study of its evolution and modifications using a 1D couled physical-biogeochemical models},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {June 2005},
	LOCATION = {United Kingdom}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-17d1cca8-9684-46a3-aac1-f2da6bff4fe1,
	AUTHOR = {Raick, C. and Soetaert, K. and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/175307},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Application of a singular evolutive extended Kalman filter: Modelling the seasonal cycle of the pelagic food web of the Ligurian Sea by means of a 1D interdisciplinary model},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {June 2005},
	LOCATION = {Plymouth, United Kingdom}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-b78b242a-9bd0-471f-ad06-9b30523bb1ec,
	AUTHOR = {Grégoire, Marilaure and MARE interfacultry research centre, .},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/150714},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Marine research at the Liège University: a long tradition of oceanography far away from the sea},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {25 February 2005},
	ABSTRACT = {MARE gathers 24 laboratories of the Faculties of Science, Applied Science, Law and Veterinary Medicine. It integrates complementary disciplines of Oceanology through both pluridisciplinary field works and modeling. Major research themes of MARE are: 
		1) The detection and prediction of changes in coastal ecosystems integrating data collection, the development of statistical tools and 3D interdisciplinary models used conjointly with specific diagnostic tools tailored to management purposes; 
		2) The study of the CO2 dynamics in order to budget fluxes in major coastal areas and the Southern Ocean, through data collection, satellite imagery and modeling studies; 
		3) The dynamic and diversity of the Ocean Pelagic Ecosystem; 
		4) Biodiversity and taxonomic studies in different coastal and deep-sea areas; 
		5) Study of marine trophic webs using stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes; 
		6) Ecotoxicology and Ecophysiology: study of the effects of pollutants on marine organisms including marine mammals and investigations on genetic diversity, pathology and causes of death of marine mammals and seabirds; 
		7) Ecology of macrophytes systems and of benthic algae; 
		8) Sediments studies (e.g. sediment transport, sediment structure analysis, benthic habitats characterization and diversity); 
		9) Reconstruction of paleocirculations using isotope analysis (Nd, Pb); 
		10) Study of coastal evolution and management. This includes the study of coastal geomorphology using remote sensing data and coastal engineering. 
		Moreover, MARE researchers have access to the research station STARESO in Corsica (http://www.stareso.com/), and to the Belgian R.V. Belgica, which operates in the North Sea and adjacent areas (http://www.mumm.ac.be/EN/Monitoring/Belgica/). 
		Finally, the MARE centre supports the extant set of second and third cycle Teachings (master in Oceanography; http://www.ulg.ac/oceanbio/, DEA in Oceanology, European DEA in Marine Environment Modeling) - unique in the French-speaking Community of Belgium -, of a Doctoral School, and of international Conferences and Colloquia (The International Liège Colloquium on Ocean Dynamics and associated Symposia).}
}

@article{ORBi-d9654434-f03b-49cf-aab1-e18f49d3376d,
	AUTHOR = {Raick, Caroline and Delhez, Eric and Soetaert, Karline and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/2820},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Study of the seasonal cycle of the biogeochemical processes in the Ligurian Sea using a ID interdisciplinary model},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2005},
	DOI = {10.1016/j.jmarsys.2004.09.005},
	PUBLISHER = {Elsevier Science},
	JOURNAL = {Journal of Marine Systems},
	ISSN = {0924-7963},
	VOLUME = {55},
	NUMBER = {3-4},
	ABSTRACT = {A one-dimensional coupled physical-biogeochemical model has been built to study the pelagic food web of the Ligurian Sea (NW Mediterranean Sea). The physical model is the turbulent closure model (version I D) developed at the GeoHydrodynamics and Environmental Laboratory (GHER) of the University of Liege. The ecosystem model contains 19 state variables describing the carbon and nitrogen cycles of the pelagic food web. Phytoplankton and zooplankton are both divided in three size-based compartments and the model includes an explicit representation of the microbial loop including bacteria, dissolved organic matter, nano-, and microzooplankton. The internal carbon/nitrogen ratio is assumed variable for phytoplankton and detritus, and constant for zooplankton and bacteria. Silicate is considered as a potential limiting nutrient of phytoplankton's growth. The aggregation model described by Kriest and Evans in (Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci., Earth Planet. Sci. 109 (4) (2000) 453) is used to evaluate the sinking rate of particulate detritus. The model is forced at the air-sea interface by meteorological data coming from the "Cote d'Azur" Meteorological Buoy. The dynamics of atmospheric fluxes in the Mediterranean Sea (DYFAMED) time-series data obtained during the year 2000 are used to calibrate and validate the biological model. The comparison of model results within in situ DYFAMED data shows that although some processes are not represented by the model, such as horizontal and vertical advections, model results are overall in agreement with observations and differences observed can be explained with environmental conditions. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}
}

@incollection{ORBi-741f03c3-c060-473d-b5ec-65a129543560,
	AUTHOR = {Grégoire, Marilaure and Oguz, Temel},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/15032},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Modeling Biogeochemical Processes in Marine Ecosystems},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2005},
	BOOKTITLE = {the Unesco Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems},
	URL = {http://www.eolss.net/outlinecomponents/Oceanography.aspx}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-cd052bbe-50df-49cb-9515-9c44502bb2be,
	AUTHOR = {Raick, C. and Soetaert, K. and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/150835},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Application of a sequential data assimilation technique to improve the results of a 1D couled physical-biogeochemical model of the Ligurian Sea},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2005},
	BOOKTITLE = {VLIZ Young Scientists' Day, Brugge, Belgium 25th February 2005: book of abstracts},
	LOCATION = {Brugge, Belgium}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-79e08c57-ebf2-4fe8-a786-9412e93a978e,
	AUTHOR = {Raick, C. and Soetaert, K. and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/150842},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Modelling the Ligurian Sea ecosystem by means of a 1D couled physical-biogeochemical model. Improvement of model results using sequential data assimilation},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2005},
	PUBLISHER = {European Geophysical Society},
	JOURNAL = {Geophysical Research Abstracts},
	ISSN = {1029-7006},
	VOLUME = {7},
	LOCATION = {Vienna, Austria},
	ABSTRACT = {A 1D coupled physical-biogeochemical model has been built to study the pelagic food web of the Ligurian Sea (NW Mediterranean Sea). The physical model is the turbulent closure model (version 1D) developed at the GHER (University of Liège, Belgium).
		The ecosystem model contains nineteen state variables describing the carbon and nitrogen
		cycles of the pelagic food web. Silicate is considered as a potential limiting nutrient of diatoms’ growth. The aggregation model described in Kriest and Evans (2000) is used to evaluate the sinking rate of particulate detritus. The model is forced at the air-sea interface by the METEO France meteorological data. The DYFAMED time series data of year 2000 are used to calibrate and validate the biological model (Raick et al., 2005).
		By combining the numerical model and the available observations, data assimilation techniques are useful to improve the state estimation of the ocean. A Singular Fixed Extended Kalman filter (Pham et al., 1998) has been implemented in this way. Twin experiments are first performed to choose the suitable experimental protocol, which is then applied to perform real data assimilation experiments using DYFAMED data (Raick et al., submitted).
		To be coupled in a 3D environment, the ecosystem model is too complex. Our ongoing work is to perform a simplification, by studying simplified structures in comparison with the original ecosystem model. The advantage of deriving a simplified model from the complex one, is that we would be able to identify the most important processes of the Ligurian Sea ecosystem.}
}

@article{ORBi-37bd55f5-7295-46e7-9aaa-48bc626d05da,
	AUTHOR = {Sirjacobs, Damien and Grégoire, Marilaure and Delhez, Eric and Nihoul, Jacques},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/2793},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Influence of the Aral Sea negative water balance on its seasonal circulation patterns: use of a 3D hydrodynamic model},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {June 2004},
	DOI = {10.1016/j.jmarsys.2003.12.008},
	PUBLISHER = {Elsevier Science Bv},
	JOURNAL = {Journal of Marine Systems},
	ISSN = {0924-7963},
	VOLUME = {47},
	NUMBER = {1-4},
	ABSTRACT = {A 3D hydrodynamic model of the Aral Sea was successfully implemented to address the complex hydrodynamic changes induced by the combined effect of hydrologic and climatic change in the Aral region. The first barotropic numerical experiments allowed us to produce a comparative description of the mean general seasonal circulation patterns corresponding to the original situation (1956-1960) and of the average situation for the period from 1981 to 1985, a very low river flow period. The dominant anticyclonic circulation suggested by our seasonal simulation is in good agreement with previous investigations. In addition. this main anticyclonic gyre was shown to be stable and clearly established from February to September, while winter winds led to another circulation scenario. In winter, the main anticyclonic gyre was considerably limited, and cyclonic circulations appeared in the deep western basin and in the northeast of the shallow basin. In contrast, stronger anticyclonic circulation was observed in the Small Aral Sea during winter. As a consequence of the 10-m sea level drop observed between the two periods considered, the 1981-1985 simulation suggests an intensification of seasonal variability. Total water transport of the main gyre was reduced with sea level drop by a minimum of 30% in May and up to 54% in September. Before 1960, the study of the net flows through Berg and Kokaral Straits allowed us to evaluate the component of water exchange between the Small and the Large Seas linked with the general anticyclonic circulation around Kokaral Island. This exchange was lowest in summer (with a mean anticyclonic exchange of 222 m(3)/s for July and August), highest in fall and winter (with a mean value of 1356 m(3)/s from September to February) and briefly reversed in the spring (mean cyclonic circulation of 316 m(3)/s for April and May). In summer, the water exchange due to local circulation at the scale of each strait was comparatively more important because net flows through the straits were low. After about 20 years of negative water balance, the western Kokaral Strait was dried up and the depth of Berg Strait was reduced from 15 to 5 m. Simulation indicated a quasi-null net transport, except during the seasonal modification of the circulation pattern, in February and October. A limited, but stable, water exchange of about 100 m(3)/s remained throughout the year, as a result of the permanent superposition of opposite currents. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}
}

@article{ORBi-37f0ba09-a993-49b9-81ad-76902f0b179a,
	AUTHOR = {Grégoire, Marilaure and Soetaert, Karline and Nezlin, Nikolay Pavlovich and Kostianoy, Andrey G.},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/6180},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Modeling the nitrogen cycling and plankton productivity in the Black Sea using a three-dimensional interdisciplinary model},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {05 May 2004},
	DOI = {10.1029/2001JC001014},
	PUBLISHER = {Amer Geophysical Union},
	JOURNAL = {Journal of Geophysical Research. Oceans},
	ISSN = {2169-9275},
	VOLUME = {109},
	NUMBER = {C5},
	ABSTRACT = {[1] A six-compartment ecosystem model defined by a simple nitrogen cycle is coupled with a general circulation model in the Black Sea so as to examine the seasonal variability of the ecohydrodynamics. Model results show that the annual cycle of the biological productivity of the whole basin is characterized by the presence of a winter-early spring bloom. In all the regions this bloom precedes the onset of the seasonal thermocline and occurs as soon as the vertical winter mixing decreases. Phytoplankton development starts in winter in the central basin, while in coastal areas ( except in the river discharge area) it begins in early spring. In the Danube's discharge area and along the western coast, where surface waters are almost continuously enriched in nutrient by river inputs, the phytoplankton development is sustained during the whole year at the surface. The seasonal variability of the northwestern shelf circulation induced by the seasonal variations in the Danube discharge and the wind stress intensity has been found to have a major impact on the primary production repartition of the area. In the central basin the primary production in the surface layer relies essentially on nutrients being entrained in the upper layer from below. Simulated phytoplankton concentrations are compared with satellite and field data. It has been found that the model is able to reproduce the main characteristics of the space-time evolution of the Black Sea's biological productivity but underestimates the phytoplankton biomass especially in regions extremely rich in nutrients such as the Danube discharge area.}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-9ec56fa8-8a61-4d3a-aaea-6bee26076c63,
	AUTHOR = {Raick, C. and Soetaert, K. and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/150830},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Study of the biogeochemical processes in the Ligurian Sea using a 1D mathematical model},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {May 2004},
	LOCATION = {Liège, Belgium}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-58021562-ee67-415e-9aa8-1bfaac2e7c4f,
	AUTHOR = {Raick, C. and Soetaert, K. and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/175308},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Modelling the seasonal cycle of the biological productivity in the Ligurian Sea by means of a 1D interdisciplinary model},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {05 March 2004},
	BOOKTITLE = {VLIZ Young Scientists' Day, Brugge, Belgium 5 March 2004: book of abstracts. VLIZ Special Publication, 17},
	LOCATION = {Brugge, Belgium},
	ABSTRACT = {A one-dimensional coupled physical-biogeochemical model has been built to study the pelagic food web of the Ligurian Sea (NW Mediterranean Sea). The physical model is the turbulent closure model (version 1D) developed at the GeoHydrodynamics and Environmental Laboratory (GHER) of the University of Liège. The ecosystem model contains nineteen state variables describing the carbon and nitrogen cycles of the pelagic food web. Phytoplankton and zooplankton are both divided in three size-based compartments and the model includes an explicit representation of the microbial loop including bacteria, dissolved organic matter, nano-, and micro- zooplankton. The internal carbon/nitrogen ratio is assumed variable for phytoplankton and detritus, and constant for zooplankton and bacteria. Silicate is considered as a potential limiting nutrient of phytoplankton growth. The aggregation model described in Kriest and Evans (2000) is used to evaluate the sinking rate of particulate detritus. The model is forced at the air-sea interface by meteorological data coming from METEO France. The DYFAMED time series data obtained during the year 2000 are used to calibrate and validate the biological model. The comparison of model results within in-situ DYFAMED data shows that although some processes are not represented by the model, such as horizontal and vertical advections, model results are in good agreement with observations and differences observed can be explained with environmental conditions.}
}

@article{ORBi-7e5f058f-5c75-4d36-b0c9-bb00d8371554,
	AUTHOR = {Grégoire, Marilaure and Beckers, Jean-Marie},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/4294},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Modeling the nitrogen fluxes in the Black Sea using a 3D coupled hydrodynamical-biogeochemical model: transport versus biogeochemical processes, exchanges across the shelf break and comparison of the shelf and deep sea ecodynamics},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2004},
	DOI = {10.5194/bg-1-33-2004},
	PUBLISHER = {European  Geosciences Union},
	JOURNAL = {Biogeosciences},
	ISSN = {1726-4170},
	VOLUME = {1},
	NUMBER = {1},
	ABSTRACT = {A 6-compartment biogeochemical model of nitrogen cycling and plankton productivity has been coupled with a 3D general circulation model in an enclosed environment (the Black Sea) so as to quantify and compare, on a seasonal and annual scale, the typical internal biogeochemical functioning of the shelf and of the deep sea as well as to estimate the nitrogen and water exchanges at the shelf break. Model results indicate that the annual nitrogen net export to the deep sea roughly corresponds to the annual load of nitrogen discharged by the rivers on the shelf. The model estimated vertically integrated gross annual primary production is 130 g C m(-2) yr(-1) for the whole basin, 220 g C m(-2) yr(-1) for the shelf and 40 g C m(-2) yr(-1) for the central basin. In agreement with sediment trap observations, model results indicate a rapid and efficient recycling of particulate organic matter in the sub-oxic portion of the water column (60-80 m) of the open sea. More than 95% of the PON produced in the euphotic layer is recycled in the upper 100 m of the water column, 87% in the upper 80 m and 67% in the euphotic layer. The model estimates the annual export of POC towards the anoxic layer to 4 10(10) mol yr(-1). This POC is definitely lost for the system and represents 2% of the annual primary production of the open sea.},
	URL = {http://www.biogeosciences-discuss.net/1/107/2004/bgd-1-107-2004.html}
}

@article{ORBi-fb41211f-2183-4851-8803-147149930df1,
	AUTHOR = {Grégoire, Marilaure and Friedrich, Jana},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/4527},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Nitrogen budget of the northwestern Black Sea shelf inferred from modeling studies and in situ benthic measurements},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {2004},
	DOI = {10.3354/meps270015},
	PUBLISHER = {Inter-Research},
	JOURNAL = {Marine Ecology. Progress Series},
	ISSN = {0171-8630},
	VOLUME = {270},
	ABSTRACT = {A 3D eddy-resolving coupled biogeochemical-hydrodynamical model and in situ observations are used to investigate benthic processes on the Black Sea's NW shelf. Measurements of benthic fluxes (oxygen, nutrients, redox compounds) with in situ flux chambers are analyzed in regard to sediment dynamics on the shelf. The seasonal/interannual and spatial variability of benthic processes is explained in terms of 3D ecohydrodynamics. The space/time distribution of benthic fluxes depended on the position of the river plume and the associated primary production, intensity of vertical mixing and water depth. Model results and in situ observations reveal the presence of a region of intense benthic recycling and high benthic nutrient fluxes nearshore and in the northern part of the shelf. The model estimates that this region covers about 15 % of the shelf area and is connected to the high productivity and high sedimentation caused by river input of organic matter. On the offshore shelf, covering about 85 % of the shelf area, benthic nutrient regeneration is low due to low productivity. Benthic mineralization pathways (aerobic respiration, denitrification, sulfate reduction, methanogenesis) are quantified. In the high flux region, more than 55 % and in the offshore low flux region more than 80 % of the organic matter is decomposed by aerobic respiration. In the high flux region, sulfate reduction is the main anaerobic pathway, whereas denitrification is more important on the low flux offshore shelf. At the shelf edge, under the influence of anoxic waters, more than 60 % of organic matter is remineralized by sulfate reduction. Little organic matter is decomposed by methanogenesis. A mass balance of particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate organic nitrogen (PON), integrated over the whole shelf and year, shows that 3.7 to 4.2 x 10(6) t of POC reach the sediments, while model results give a value of 1.4 x 10(6) t C. The annual ammonium benthic outflux is estimated at 85 x 10(3) and 174 x 10(3) t N by in situ data and the model, respectively. The amount of nitrogen lost by burial and denitrification estimated from in situ observations is 57 x 10(3) and 324 x 10(3) t N, respectively. Therefore, NW shelf Black Sea sediments are an efficient sink for riverine nitrogen, trapping about 50 % of the annual river discharge in total inorganic N.}
}

@article{ORBi-5cc1c6ce-12f7-4162-8cc9-0f649935ab4b,
	AUTHOR = {Grégoire, Marilaure and Lacroix, Geneviève},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/6173},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {Exchange processes and nitrogen cycling on the shelf and continental slope of the Black Sea basin},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {25 June 2003},
	DOI = {10.1029/2002GB001882},
	PUBLISHER = {Amer Geophysical Union},
	JOURNAL = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	ISSN = {0886-6236},
	VOLUME = {17},
	NUMBER = {2},
	ABSTRACT = {A 3D coupled biogeochemical-hydrodynamical model has been applied to the Black Sea to simulate nitrogen cycling and to estimate the exchange of biogeochemical components at the shelf break and between the continental slope and the deep sea. It was found that biological processes on the northwestern shelf are in approximate balance. Primary production is fueled by river discharge, nitrate input from the open sea at the shelf break, and in situ remineralization. The input of nitrate from the open sea is roughly equivalent to the river nitrate discharge but is half the nitrate export from the shelf toward the open sea. Also, the Black Sea shelf acts throughout the year as a nitrate source for the open sea. The amount of shelf production not remineralized in the euphotic layer is 22.2% and is exported to lower layers (20%) or offshore (2.2%). We estimate that the export of carbon from the shelf to the interior of the basin represents 2.5% of the new production of the open sea. The upper slope adjoining the northwestern shelf is the site of downwelling events responsible for the downward transport to the intermediate layer of the continental slope of biogeochemical components exported from the shelf in the upper layer. The shelf has been found to be an efficient trap for the refractory material discharged by the Danube.}
}

@inproceedings{ORBi-70f90694-2da1-42be-9f60-80239e562a47,
	AUTHOR = {Nihoul, Jacques and Kosarev, A. and Kostianoy, A. and Zonn, I. and Kostianaya, E. and Ginzburg, A. and Mikhailov, V. and Grégoire, Marilaure},
	EPRINT = {https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/150832},
	EPRINTTYPE = {hdl},
	TITLE = {The Aral Sea: Selected Bibliography},
	LANGUAGE = {English},
	YEAR = {05 May 2003},
	LOCATION = {Liège, Belgium}
}